MBA 6207 - Chapter 10 Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems

Knowledge user

- a person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system - do not need any previous training in computers or expert systems

Knowledge Engineer

- a person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system.

Robotics

A branch of engineering that involves the development and manufacture of mechanical or computer devices that can perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for humans.

game theory

A mathematical theory for developing strategies that maximize gains and minimize losses while adhering to a given set of rules and constraints. applied to solve various decision-making problems in which two or more participants are faced with choices of action, by which each may gain or lose, depending on what others choose to do or not to do.

Knowledge Management (KM)

A range of practices concerned with increasing awareness, fostering learning, speeding collaboration and innovation, and exchanging insights. GOAL: to improve the creation, retention, sharing and reuse of knowledge

perceptive system

A system that approximates the way a person sees, hears, and feels objects.

Assistive Technology system

An assistive, adaptive, or rehabilitative device designed to help people with disabilities perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish or had great difficulty accomplishing.

vision system

Another area of AI which include hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images.

Explanation facility

Component of an expert system that allows a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results

Enterprise search

The application of search technology to find information within an organization.

Informatics

The combination of information technology with traditional disciplines such as medicine or science while considering the impact on individuals, organizations, and society. Places a strong emphasis on interaction between humans and technology

Neural networks

a computer system that can recognize and act on patterns or trends that it detects in large sets of data. Also called neural nets

Shadowing

a process used to capture tacit knowledge that involves a novice observing an expert executing a job to learn how its performed

Expert system

a system that consists of hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, enabling a novice to perform at the level of an expert

genetic algorithm

an approach to solving problems based on the theory of evolution; uses the concept of survival of the fittest as a problem-solving strategy

haptic interface

are devices that enable manual interaction with virtual environments (VEs) or teleoperated remote systems. They are employed for tasks that are usually performed using hands in the real world, such as manual exploration and manipulation of objects. Relays the sense of touch and other physical sensations in the virtual world, is the least developed and perhaps the most challenging virtual reality component to create.

assistive technology

array of devices that permit people with disabilities to improve their functioning Stephen Hawking employs a number of assistive technology systems to support his activities

Augmented Reality (AR)

newer form of virtual reality, has the ability to superimpose digital data over real photos or images.

Business rule management system (BRMS)

software used to define, execute, monitor, and maintain the decision logic that is used by the operational systems and processes that run the organization This process avoids a potential bottleneck and lengthy delays in implementing changes and improves the accuracy of the changes

artificial intelligence (AI)

the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain

tacit knowledge

the know-how that someone has developed as a result of personal experience; it involves intangible factors such as beliefs, perspective, and a value system. example: how to ride a bike; nuggets of valuable knowledge that is not documented easily

domain expert

the person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture (domain)