15

he function of aregulator transcription factor can be modualted by covalent modifications such as teh attachment of

a phosphate group

A transcription factor can have multiple *

domains

suppressed genes

methylated cpg islands

A domain that has a v similar structure in many diff proteins

motif

Activator proteins stimulate mediator to make what modifications on RNA pol 2?

phosphorylation

maintenance methylation

preserves the methylated condition in future cells; methylation of hemimethylated DNA following DNA replication

DNA sequences that are analogous to the operator sites found near bacterial promoerters are called...

regulatory elements or regulatory sequences

the CREB protein binds to DNA at a sequence called the cAMP **

reponse element

Coactivators usually contain a * domain that promotes the activation of RNA polymerase

transactivation

Active genes

unmethylated cpg islands

when a fully methylated DNA segment of DNA is replciated, the newly made daughter strand contains ** and is called **

unmethylated cytosines; hemimethylated

Nucleosomes can change (3)

(1) change in histones to variants w/ specialized roles (2) covalent modifications to the amino-terminal tails of histones (3) change in location

Transcriptional activtation of euk genes involves (3)

(1) changes in nucleosome locations (2) changes in histone composition within nucleosomes (3) changes in histone modifications

transcrip factors that affect the ability of RNA pol to begin the transcrip process may work by (2)

(1) regulating the bidning o the trascrip complex to the core promoter (2) controlling the switch from the initiation to the elongation stage of transcription

DNA methyltransferase

attaches a methyl group to the 5 position of the cytosine b ase

CREB protein is a RTF that activates an increase in

cAMP

Mediator phosphorylates the *-terminus of RNA pol II, stimulation progression to the * stage of transcri

carboxyl, elongation

Activator proteins often increase transcription through an interaction with

coactivators

Typical charactersitc of euk gene that can be described?

core promoter is found in a NFR

ATP-* * remodeling uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to change the position or composition of nucleosomes

dependent, chromatin

You are studying a transcri factor that binds to DNA near a gene of interest; discover that once the TF binds, transcri of GOI becomes undetectable --> example of??

down regulation

The binding of a RTF to an * can stim transcription 10- to 1000-fold, which is called *-regulation

enhancer, up

Most histone genes encode standard histone proteins, but some have accumualted mutations that change the AA seq of the histone proteins -- these are

histone variants

According tot he histone code hypothesis, the patttern of histone midications acts like a language th

influences chromatin structure

Positively charged * within core histone proteins can be acetylated by histone *

lysine, acetryltransferase

proteins called * bind methylated sequences and recruit other proteins to region to * transcription

methyl-cpg-proteins; inhibit