16.1-16.3

How many motor neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?

2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Increases activity of the digestive tract

What is the major structural difference between sympathetic preganglionic and ganglionic fibers?

Preganglionic fibers are short, and postganglionic fibers are long.

How does a medication that blocks beta receptors help a patient with high blood pressure?

The medication blocks the beta-1 receptors in the heart from stimulating an increase in the force and rate of heart contractions.

Stimulation of which receptor brings about contraction of the smooth muscle in vascular smooth muscle?

alpha 1

Which of the following sympathetic receptors causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction and an increase in metabolic activity?

beta 1

Stimulation of which receptor causes dilation of the airways?

beta 2

beta 2

causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle receptors trigger an increase, not a decrease, in the size of the respiratory passageways.

alpha 1

causes smooth muscle contraction

Which of the following is unique to the sympathetic nervous system?

chain ganglia

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

decrease heart rate

Important functions of the postganglionic fibers that enter the thoracic cavity in autonomic nerves include which of the following?

dilating the respiratory passageways increasing the force of cardiac contractions accelerating heart rate

Names of sympathetic division

flight or fight division thoracolumbar division increasing heart rate and blood pressure

Autonomic system characteristics

has preganglionic and postganglionic neurons can trigger visceral reflexes controls visceral effectors

Beta 1

increase in metabolic activity.

Which of the following is NOT a response to increased levels of sympathetic activity?

increased digestive and urinary functions

alpha 2

inhibitory effect on cells

Why is the axon of a ganglionic neuron called a postganglionic fiber?

it carries impulses away from the ganglion

Cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate the sweat glands of the skin and the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are stimulated during exercise to

keep the body cool and provide oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscles

Based on just the anatomy, how can you distinguish the sympathetic division from the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

origin of preganglionic fibers

Beta 3

receptors trigger an increase, not a decrease, in the levels of lipolysis.

The summary effects of the collateral ganglia include which of the following?

redirection of blood flow and energy use by visceral organs and release of stored energy

Which organs are NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscles

During a crisis, the event necessary for an individual to be able to cope with stressful and potentially dangerous situations is called __________.

sympathetic activation

What is the term for the chain of ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system that lies right outside the vertebral column?

sympathetic chain ganglia

Which division of the nervous system "kicks in" during periods of exertion, stress, or emergency?

sympathetic division of autonomic system