18-20 AP Euro Schoology
As a result of Pugachev's rebellion, Catherine the Great a. initiated modest reform of the feudal system. b. gave the nobles more power over their serfs and retreated from political reform. c. abolished serfdom. d. created special army units, the Cossacks, to deal with unruly serfs.
b
After the loss of Silesia, Empress Maria Theresa tried to strengthen Austria by a. abolishing hereditary privilege and serfdom. b. increasing the influence of the pope. c. reforming the central bureaucracy and tax system. d. distributing Church lands to the peasants.
c
Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia achieved all of the following EXCEPT a. religious toleration. b. judicial and bureaucratic reforms. c. restructuring the Prussian class system. d. territorial expansion.
c
Eighteenth-century popularizers of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements? a. God intervenes actively in the universe's operation. b. Humans are imperfect and wicked by nature. c. Understanding the natural order is beyond human comprehension. d. Underlying natural laws govern society. e. Respect for tradition ensures human progress.
d
Empiricism called for a. reliance on the authority of other scientists. b. greater reliance on mathematical equations. c. the use of deductive reasoning. d. the actual examination, measurement, and/or testing of phenomena.
d
In the course of the 16th century, population a. grew at a rate equal to that of agricultural production. b. fell drastically as a result of war and plague. c. growth was relatively static. d. growth outstripped the growth of agriculture, creating widespread poverty.
growth outstripped the growth of agriculture, creating widespread poverty.
The Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare that in the 17th century initially targeted the
Dutch.
The "social contract" theory, as developed by John Locke, was used to justify a. revolution against tyranny. b. unrestricted authority of the government. c. close collaboration between the state and the Church. d. conformity in society.
a
The key factor impeding Catherine the Great's program of reform was a. the power of the Russian nobility. b. continual warfare. c. the resistance of the Russian middle class. d. her early death.
a
The later Enlightenment lost its popular appeal as its thinkers a. became increasingly extreme and dogmatic in their ideals.This answer is correct. b. supported the political repression of Catherine. c. wrote in increasingly obscure Latin dialects to show off their erudition. d. began to revert back to classical thinking.
a
Which of the following activities did Adam Smith believe was most appropriate for a national government? a. Defending the state against foreign invasion b. Fixing wages and prices c. Providing tax exemptions to infant industries d. Granting monopolies e. Acquiring colonies
a
As Great Britain developed economically after 1750, it required all of the following EXCEPT a. more raw materials from abroad. b. more markets abroad. c. a greater percentage of the people employed in agriculture. d. more investment capital. e. improved transport facilities.
a greater percentage of the people employed in agriculture.
John Locke based his Two Treatises on Government primarily on which of the following views of human nature? a. People are inherently quarrelsome and should never be encouraged to revolt against state authority. b. People are basically rational and learn from practical experience. c. People are weak and sinful and need the guidance of organized religion. d. People are born with all knowledge, and learning is the process of remembering that innate knowledge. e. People are fallible and need guidance from the cumulative wisdom of tradition.
b
The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) was to a. adapt scientific thought to Christian doctrine. b. popularize the findings of the Scientific Revolution. c. attack Newton's synthesis. d. encourage Louis XIV to revoke the Edict of Nantes.
b
The writings of the philosophes had their widest appeal to a. peasants and urban workers. b. the upper middle class and some of the nobility. c. royalty and high Church officials. d. the nobility.
b
Which of the following individuals is NOT directly associated with the agricultural revolution a. Cornelius Vermuyden b. John Wesley. c. Jethro Tull d. Charles Townsend
b
In France after the death of Louis XIV, the parlements a. weakened the nobility. b. bolstered the monarchy. c. were abolished in favor of the Estates General. d. challenged royal absolutism.
d
Initially, Copernicus' theory of the universe was a. supported by the Catholic Church. b. supported by the Protestants. c. ignored because it was published in Polish. d. attacked by the Protestants.
d
The fundamental goal of Diderot's Encyclopedia was to a. undermine French absolutism. b. improve the material life of Europeans. c. create the discipline of social science. d. teach people to think critically.
d
After 1720, the plague did not reappear because of all of the following EXCEPT a.the practice of isolating carriers of the disease. b. the invasion of the brown rat. c. quarantine of Mediterranean ports. d. the development of an effective vaccination against the disease in 1718.
d. the development of an effective vaccination against the disease in 1718.
The 18th century enclosure movement in England was responsible for the rise of market-oriented estate agriculture and the
emergence of a landless proletariat.
On the eve of the American Revolution, the average standard of living in the British colonies was Selected:
the highest in the world.
Dutch leadership in farming can be attributed primarily to a. the introduction of the three-field system. b. their industrious nature and the necessity of creating new land from the sea. c. a large rural population. d. the exceptional fertility of their lands.
their industrious nature and the necessity of creating new land from the sea.