18.1 History

How many more miles of railroad tracks were there in 1890 than in 1865?

164,000 more.

Who was Henry Comstock

A miner who discovered a huge deposit of gold and silver in Nevada. 1859

Comstock

A miner who discovered a huge deposite of gold and silver in Nevada

Transcontinental Railroad

A railroad that would cross that would cross the continent and connect the east to west

Chisholm Trail

A trail which ran from San Antonio, Texas, to the cattle town of Abilene, Kansas, was one of the earliest and most popular routs for cattle drives

The golden spike was significant for doing what

For connecting the Union Pacific and central Pacific railroads

What risks did miners face?

Getting bad air in there lungs, explosions, caveins, and the elevators which had no walls.

What made mining dangerous

Miners had unsafe equipment, such as elevator platforms without protective walls. They worked in dark tunnels and breathed hot stuffy air.

What three economic activities attracted people to the West?

Mining ranching and farming

How did the railroad affect the development of the west? Name 3

Railroad companies provided better transportation for goods and people, they also sold land which made settlers move west, and it helped railroad companies.

Pony Express

An 1860 system of messengers on horse back began to carry messages west

What was the pony express?

An 1860 system of messengers on horse back began to carry messages west.

What contributed to the end of the open range

Barbed wire

Why do you think people from other countries came to America to work in the mines

Because it's a good payout, like a good job to do to get payed. And they also needed jobs.

Why do you think boomtowns often disappeared after the local mine closed?

Because that's the reason the town boomed with out the flame the fire can't be relit. With out the mines the jobs are gone so you have to get another job.

Why were long horns a popular breed in western Texas?

Because they needed very little water and could survive in harsh weather and also were suited to the dry desert like environment of western Texas.

What is a boomtown?

Communities that grew suddenly when a mine opened.

Boomtown

Communities that grew suddenly when a mine opened/ a sudden load

Who used the Chisholm trail and why

Cowboys and to drive cattle

Name 3 causes and 3 effects of the westward expansion?

Immigration, mineral resources, and new land for settlers and ranchers were causes and the effect of those where new towns, railroads across the continent, and cattle kingdom.

cattle drive

On long journeys cowboys herded cattle to the market or to the northern plains for grazing

What was the open range?

Rangeland where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership.

According to the map on page 590 what was the westernmost city on the transcontinental railroad?

Sacramento

Why did the federal government support the transcontinental railroad?

So they could use it to carry troops and mail across America at a lower cost.

What made the western boundary of the American frontier reach the Pacific Ocean?

The admission of California

Why did the cattle kingdom come to an end?

The cattle ate most of the grass which they needed for food add that with winter and you've got about a thousand dead cattle in your hands. Also the range wars where they were fighting for land.

Cattle kingdom

The great plains from texas to canada, where many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s

What played an important part on finishing this railroad

The immigrants

What important conditions made the development of the Cattle Kingdom possible?

The population of cattle, how much they were sold for, and also the environment was perfect for cattle to live in

Name 3 geographic challenges railroad companies faced?

The sierra nevada mountain range, the winter of 1866, and harsh weather at the great plains.

What ended the pony express

The telegraph

What were Mexican cowboys called?

Vaqueros

How do women help support the boomtown economy?

Women washed, cooked, made clothes, and chopped wood. The also raised family's, established schools, and wrote news papers.

What goods were shipped east by the railroad?

Wood, metals, meat, and grain.

Frontier

an undeveloped area