1Bio - testprep

which of the following are characteristic of carbohydrates?

1. carbohydrates provide an immediate source of energy for cells. 2. chitin is a carbohydrate found in the exoskeletons of crabs and other similar animals

which of the following features are found in a bacterial cell? 1. cell wall 2. nucleus 3. cell membrane 4. ribosomes 5. golgi apparatus

1. cell wall 2. ribosomes

which of the following is a common photosynthetic pigment found in plants?

1. chlorophyll a 2. chlorophyll b 3. carotenoids

phosphorus

1. has 15 protons 2. phosphorus will form chemical bonds with other elements

biodiversity in a particular ecosystem

1. is the total number of species in that ecosystem 2. includes the variability of the individual genes 3. impacts the function of the ecosystem in which the species live

Single-celled prokaryotes

1. lack a membrane-bounded nucleus 2. are classified in the domains bacteria and archaea 3. are found in almost all habitats

If plants were no longer able to perform the light reactions and they could only utilize the Calvin cycle, which of the following would be true?

1. plants would not produce oxygen 2. G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities

as a solid, water floats. this means that

1. solid water is less dense than liquid water. 2. organisms in ponds, lakes, and reservoirs can survive under the ice cover. 3. the hydrogen bond arrangement differs between ice and liquid water.

G3P can be used by plants to form which of the following?

1. starch 2. fatty acids 3. amino acids

A solution with a pH of 6 has ___________ times ___________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10.

10,000; less

What is the maxiumum number of electrons that will be in the first valence shell?

2

aerobic cellular respiration yields about ______________ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules.

39%

During glycolysis ________ carbons will enter the pathway and __________ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates

6;6

which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + _________ + energy = C6H12O6

6H2O

The membrane protein ______________ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P --> ATP as H+ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix

ATP synthase

photorespiration occurs mainly in

C3 plants

what is the molecular formula for five glucose (C6H12O6) molecules bonded together by dehydration synthesis?

C30H52O26

the expected outcome of an experiment is known as

a prediction

to what does the term grana refer

a stack of thylakoid membranes

some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune system can build up substantial antibodies. how can cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis?

different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane

Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to most exclusive.

domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species

which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example?

kinetic energy; fat molecules

which of the following concepts is NOT one of the basic theories of biology? 1. new cells only come from preexisting cells 2. all living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life 3. the internal environment of an organism stays relatively constant 4. life may arise through spontaneous generation 5. all organisms are composed of cells

life may arise through spontaneous generation

In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis?

observation

due to an increased risk of heart disease many doctors have suggested shifting our diet to include more unsaturated fats and less saturated fats. As you cook dinner tonight the recipe calls for two Tbs of oil. which of the following would be the healthiest choice?

olive or safflower oil

what are the basic structure that make up a nucleotide?

pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base

proteins in a membrane are 1. peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton. 2. integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer

peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton

which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?

plasmodesmata

a peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

protein

_______________ are to ribosomes as lipids are to ___________

proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. this means that the bacterial cells is constantly taking in water. the cell wall of the bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. this would therefore function to

provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling

Acetyl CoA is produced from

pyruvate and CoA

the preparatory reaction converts

pyruvates into Acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide

tropical rain forests have many species that are found in great abundance. a study in the brazilian rain forest found 487 tree species growin on a single hectare (2.5 acres). In the U.S. and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. If one park in a Peruvian rain forest, scientists have Identified over 1,300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 butterfly species. These findings suggest that _________________

rain forests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems.

a polysaccharide is polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

simple sugars

Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. this is

slightly basic

a researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. she notices the golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. what part of the endomembrane system was probably effected by this new drug?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

what is the best description of technology?

technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans

to what does the term stroma refer

the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

Which definition best describes a population?

the members of a species in a given area

which of the following is an example of active transport through a cell membrane?

the movement of chlorine ions from an area of low concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of high concentration on the other side of the membrane.

DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. how does the mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope?

the nuclear envelope contains pores which provide passage for the mRNA

The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the _____________________

the number of electrons in the valence shell.

how do the lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ?

the number of fatty acids

the activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except

the presence of other enzymes

an automobile engine is about 20 to 30% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical energy. cells are about 39% efficient in the transformation of glucose to ATP. the rest of the energy is lost as heat. this is illustrative of the

the second law of thermodynamics

characterize these reactions involved in the Calvin cycle

these reactions are involved in the reduction of CO2. Energy is required in the form of ATP, which is hydrolyzed to ADP. The substrate BPG is reduced, while the coenzyme NADPH is oxidized.

fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago

true

plants that conduct C4 metabolism are desert plants

true

the process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis.

true

true/false chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet

true

Compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane, the chloroplasts or the nucleus, the mitochondria would be the only one that would

use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP

which of the following is the reason why plants wilt if they are watered with a salt solution?

wilting results from the loss of water

which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?

golgi apparatus

a coastal climate is moderated primarily by which of the following properties of water? water

has a high heat of evaporation

All cells have these two characteristics:

have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm

without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT

have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another

While C4 plants have carbon dioxide fixation and carbon dioxide uptake separated by location within the plant, CAM plants

have these processes separated by time

which functional group when attached to a hydrocarbon chain will form an alcohol?

hydroxyl

what type of information does science provide for society?

information about the natural world

what are the end products of photosynthesis?

glucose and oxygen

which property of water allows it stick to surface like glass?

adhesion

which of the following is a true statement about enzyme inhibition?

all 1. in competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme 2. in noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme. 3. in irreversible inhibition, a poison binds to the enzyme so that it can never work again 4. most inhibitors act in a reversible fashion

which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell? 1. rough endoplasmic reticulum 2. cytoskeleton 3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. all choices are true

all choices are true

which channel protein assists the passage of water across the cell membrane?

aquaporin

which of the following scenarios accurately represents the second law of thermodynamics?

as our body converts glucose into ATP some of the energy is given off in the form of heat

how many atoms are required form a molecule?

at least two

which of the following statements is NOT true about electron configurations? 1. if an atom has two or more shells, the outer shell is complete with eight electrons 2. atoms with more than eight electrons in the outer shell react by gaining electrons 3. if an atom has only one shell, it is complete with two electrons 4. if an atom has two or more shells, the octet rule applies 5. atoms with eight electrons in the outer shell are not reactive

atoms with more than eight electrons in the outer shell react by gaining electrons

degradative reactions

can drive anabolic reactions?

plants show turgor pressure when

cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water

which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.

study the series of pictures to identify the process as

facilitated transport

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell.

false

mitochondria have an inner membrane system called the thylakoid membranes

false

true/false fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids decreases.

false

true/false migratory birds store energy as glycogen which is lighter than fat

false

a triglyceride is a polymer made up of which kind of subunits?

fatty acids and glycerol