2-3 Carbon Compounds

disaccharide

A ________ is made of two monosaccharides.

instructions coded in DNA.

Amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to _____

amino acid

Any ________ can bond with any other.

chemical composition

Biochemists sort the macromolecules in living things into groups based on their ________.

structural purposes

Carbohydrates are also used for ____ in living things

main energy source

Carbohydrates are the _______ for living things.

Four, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen

Carbon atoms have _____ valence electrons, allowing them to form strong covalent bonds with many other elements, including _____, ________, ________, ________, _______.

peptide bonds

Covalent bonds called _______ link amino acids together to form a polypeptide.

There are two kinds of nucleic acids:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

How did organic compounds get their name? How is the word related to its meaning?Organic Compounds gets its name from the number of carbon bonds. The word is related to the meaning because it has to do with bonds in carbon atoms in organic compounds.

How did organic compounds get their name? How is the word related to its meaning?

4 valence electrons.

How many valence electrons does each carbon atom have?

store energy, form parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings

Lipids can be used to

polymerization

Macromolecules form by ________, in which smaller units called monomers join together to form polymers.

macromolecules

Many of the carbon molecules in living things are so large they are called _____.

Macromolecules.

Many of the molecules in living cells are so large they are called

monosaccharides

Molecules with one sugar monomer are _________.

20 different amino acids

More than ________ are found in nature.

polymers

Nucleic acids are _______ of nucleotides.

amino acids

Proteins are polymers of __________.

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Carbon and hydrogen atoms

What are lipids made mostly of?

When carbon atoms bond

What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length?

polymer

When two or more monomers join together, a _______ forms.

Lipids

______ (fats, oils, and waxes) are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Proteins

______ are made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Carbohydrates

________(starches and sugars) are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

One carbon atom

_________can bond to another to form chains and rings. Can form millions of different large and complex structures.

Nucleic acids

_________contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

Polymerization

_______is the process that forms large organic molecules.

Steroids

_______manufactured by the body are lipids as well.

A nucleotide has three parts:

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate (-PO4) group, and a nitrogenous base.

An amino acid molecule has an

amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.

The job of Proteins are to...

control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form cellular structures, carry substances into or out of cells, and help fight disease.

Nucleic acids store and transmit_________.

hereditary (genetic) information

Nucleic acids contain...

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Living organisms

made up of molecules made of carbon and these other elements.

Proteins are made up of

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Organic chemistry

the study of compounds with bonds between carbon atoms.