2-3 Carbon Compounds
disaccharide
A ________ is made of two monosaccharides.
instructions coded in DNA.
Amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to _____
amino acid
Any ________ can bond with any other.
chemical composition
Biochemists sort the macromolecules in living things into groups based on their ________.
structural purposes
Carbohydrates are also used for ____ in living things
main energy source
Carbohydrates are the _______ for living things.
Four, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen
Carbon atoms have _____ valence electrons, allowing them to form strong covalent bonds with many other elements, including _____, ________, ________, ________, _______.
peptide bonds
Covalent bonds called _______ link amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
There are two kinds of nucleic acids:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
How did organic compounds get their name? How is the word related to its meaning?Organic Compounds gets its name from the number of carbon bonds. The word is related to the meaning because it has to do with bonds in carbon atoms in organic compounds.
How did organic compounds get their name? How is the word related to its meaning?
4 valence electrons.
How many valence electrons does each carbon atom have?
store energy, form parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Lipids can be used to
polymerization
Macromolecules form by ________, in which smaller units called monomers join together to form polymers.
macromolecules
Many of the carbon molecules in living things are so large they are called _____.
Macromolecules.
Many of the molecules in living cells are so large they are called
monosaccharides
Molecules with one sugar monomer are _________.
20 different amino acids
More than ________ are found in nature.
polymers
Nucleic acids are _______ of nucleotides.
amino acids
Proteins are polymers of __________.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon and hydrogen atoms
What are lipids made mostly of?
When carbon atoms bond
What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length?
polymer
When two or more monomers join together, a _______ forms.
Lipids
______ (fats, oils, and waxes) are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Proteins
______ are made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates
________(starches and sugars) are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
One carbon atom
_________can bond to another to form chains and rings. Can form millions of different large and complex structures.
Nucleic acids
_________contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Polymerization
_______is the process that forms large organic molecules.
Steroids
_______manufactured by the body are lipids as well.
A nucleotide has three parts:
a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate (-PO4) group, and a nitrogenous base.
An amino acid molecule has an
amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.
The job of Proteins are to...
control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form cellular structures, carry substances into or out of cells, and help fight disease.
Nucleic acids store and transmit_________.
hereditary (genetic) information
Nucleic acids contain...
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Living organisms
made up of molecules made of carbon and these other elements.
Proteins are made up of
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Organic chemistry
the study of compounds with bonds between carbon atoms.
