2. Cells

False

G0 stops cells from undergoing unnecessary cell divisions.

meiosis II

Homologous chromosomes segregate toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during cell division during this phase.

glycogen

Muscle cells store energy in the form of ___ until it is used for the production of ATP.

mitochondria

Muscles cells need more energy than other cells. Therefore, they require more ___ than most other cells.

G1 phase

Nerve and skeletal cells in the adult, which do not divide, remain in the....

mitosis

Produces nucleus replication:

false - integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus all work in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for export use only - not for use by the cell (T/F?).

False

Stem cells are specialized. They adhere tightly to one another and are difficult to separate in culture (T/F?).

ribosomes

What organelle is used for the production of insulin?

gap junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include (3):

True

Phospholipids form a double layer, with the polar parts facing each other (T/F?)

membranes, cytoplasm, organelles

3 subcellular structures:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

4 phases of mitosis:

molecular transport through the membrane

A function of a plasma membrane protein:

Proteins, cholesterol, and one layer of phospholipids.

A plasma membrane is composed of...

peroxisomes

Able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action.

False

Because meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions, gametes contain four copies of each homologous chromosome (T/F?).

False

Centrioles are a part of the nucleus (T/F?)

metaphase

Chromosomes appear in the form of chromatin during this phase.

Centrioles

During cell division, this organelle is responsible for distributing genetic material equally to the resulting cells.

False

Each meiotic division in males results in four genetically identical cells that will develop into sperm (T/F?).

cell membrane

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both possess this structural characteristic.

microvilli

Fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells:

True

Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane: phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules (T/F?)

membrane-bound organelles

If a cell does not have a membrane-bound nucleus, it is also not likely to have...

the cytoskeleton

Important in providing an internal network of support for the cell:

the smooth ER

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in....

Mitosis

Involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I (meiosis/mitosis?).

cilia

Line the surface of cells and provide a brushing motion:

False

Melanin is an organelle (T/F?).

False

Messenger RNA are a part of the plasma membrane (T/F?).

centriole

Microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube

telophase

The cell is at its smallest at this phase.

hydrogen peroxide

The enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down:

microtubules

The internal structures of cilia and flagella include:

phospholipids

The lipid bilayer of plasma membranes is composed of two layers of...

water

The main component of the cytosol is:

False

The mitotic spindle is located between centrioles (T/F?).

interphase

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell:

False

The plasma membrane prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell (T/F?).

differentiation

The process by which emryonic cells go through functional and structural changes to become specialized is:

vesicles

The products of the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus by?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is responsible for the production of steroids hormone?

lysosomes

___ contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell.

Mitochondria

___ contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function.

centrioles

___ organize the mitotic spindle in cell division.

Extracellular matrix

____ is the most abundant extracellular material.