2. Cells
False
G0 stops cells from undergoing unnecessary cell divisions.
meiosis II
Homologous chromosomes segregate toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during cell division during this phase.
glycogen
Muscle cells store energy in the form of ___ until it is used for the production of ATP.
mitochondria
Muscles cells need more energy than other cells. Therefore, they require more ___ than most other cells.
G1 phase
Nerve and skeletal cells in the adult, which do not divide, remain in the....
mitosis
Produces nucleus replication:
false - integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus all work in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for export use only - not for use by the cell (T/F?).
False
Stem cells are specialized. They adhere tightly to one another and are difficult to separate in culture (T/F?).
ribosomes
What organelle is used for the production of insulin?
gap junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions
Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include (3):
True
Phospholipids form a double layer, with the polar parts facing each other (T/F?)
membranes, cytoplasm, organelles
3 subcellular structures:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
4 phases of mitosis:
molecular transport through the membrane
A function of a plasma membrane protein:
Proteins, cholesterol, and one layer of phospholipids.
A plasma membrane is composed of...
peroxisomes
Able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action.
False
Because meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions, gametes contain four copies of each homologous chromosome (T/F?).
False
Centrioles are a part of the nucleus (T/F?)
metaphase
Chromosomes appear in the form of chromatin during this phase.
Centrioles
During cell division, this organelle is responsible for distributing genetic material equally to the resulting cells.
False
Each meiotic division in males results in four genetically identical cells that will develop into sperm (T/F?).
cell membrane
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both possess this structural characteristic.
microvilli
Fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells:
True
Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane: phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules (T/F?)
membrane-bound organelles
If a cell does not have a membrane-bound nucleus, it is also not likely to have...
the cytoskeleton
Important in providing an internal network of support for the cell:
the smooth ER
In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in....
Mitosis
Involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I (meiosis/mitosis?).
cilia
Line the surface of cells and provide a brushing motion:
False
Melanin is an organelle (T/F?).
False
Messenger RNA are a part of the plasma membrane (T/F?).
centriole
Microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube
telophase
The cell is at its smallest at this phase.
hydrogen peroxide
The enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down:
microtubules
The internal structures of cilia and flagella include:
phospholipids
The lipid bilayer of plasma membranes is composed of two layers of...
water
The main component of the cytosol is:
False
The mitotic spindle is located between centrioles (T/F?).
interphase
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell:
False
The plasma membrane prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell (T/F?).
differentiation
The process by which emryonic cells go through functional and structural changes to become specialized is:
vesicles
The products of the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus by?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for the production of steroids hormone?
lysosomes
___ contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell.
Mitochondria
___ contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function.
centrioles
___ organize the mitotic spindle in cell division.
Extracellular matrix
____ is the most abundant extracellular material.