201 Adv Aphy Fluid Quizzes
slightly alkaline
Normal arterial blood pH is __________. slightly alkaline slightly acidic neutral strongly acidic strongly alkaline
a rise in plasma osmolality
A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________. stimulation of the baroreceptors an increase in potassium levels in the ICF a rise in plasma osmolality an increase in ECF water concentration
Isotonic
A solution that is similar to the osmolality of plasma that will cause no cell damage, it is called: Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic
all of these
ADH has a direct effect on _____. all of these blood concentration blood pressure water reabsorption
posterior pituitary
ADH is secreted from the _____. hypothalamus posterior pituitary kidney anterior pituitary
hydrogen
Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion? sodium chloride phosphorus hydrogen
Relax the muscles of the blood vessels and reduce the workload of the heart.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: 1. Relax the muscles of the blood vessels and increase the workload of the heart. 2. Constrict the muscles of the blood vessels and increase the workload of the heart. 3. Relax the muscles of the blood vessels and reduce the workload of the heart. 4. Relax the muscles of the blood vessels and reduce the workload of the heart, reduce urine output and constrict the pupils.
kidneys; decrease
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the __________ to __________ water excretion. kidneys; decrease intestines; increase kidneys; increase intestines; decrease
osmotic pressure
As total body water decreases, the _____ of the extracellular fluid increases. osmotic pressure amount of sodium protein level hydrostatic pressure
salts
Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________. lipids salts proteins carbohydrates
ions
Electrolytes are chemical compounds that dissociate in water to form charged particles called ______. neutrons ions electrons positrons
dehydration
Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of _____ water intoxication edema dehydration hypoproteinemia
lymphatic vessels
How is the excess tissue fluid mainly returned to the blood? through the capillaries lymphatic vessels hydrostatic forces tissue osmosis
respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation can lead to __________. respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis
carbonic acid
In the bicarbonate buffer system, _____ reacts with bases. bicarbonate ion carbon dioxide carbonic acid water
False
Metabolic alkalosis is as a result of low pH and low levels of bicarbonate ions. True False
kidneys
Most water is excreted via the __________. skin intestines lungs kidneys
respiratory acidosis
Someone who is suffocating would develop __________. respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis
60%
The fluid in the body forms approximately ______ of the body weight in an adult male. 50% 45% 60% 70%
intracellular fluid
The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment? blood plasma extracellular fluid intracellular fluid interstitial fluid
antidiuretic hormone
The main factor that causes the kidney to conserve water is _____. renin mechanism plasma filtration pressure osmosis antidiuretic hormone
protein
The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the __________ buffer system. phosphate bicarbonate protein
bicarbonate
The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid, such as plasma, is the __________ buffer system. phosphate protein bicarbonate
Na+
The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________. Fe2+ Na+ Mg2+ Ca2+
intracellular
The symptoms of dehydration result from loss of _____ water. transcellular intracellular extracellular blood
Intracellular and extracellular.
The two principal body fluid compartments are: Sodium and potassium. Extracellular and sodium. Intracellular and extracellular. Potassium and intracellular.
hydrostatic pressure
What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment? hydrostatic pressure filtration dialysis osmosis
H+
What is the most important ion, which affects all of the functions of the others? H+ K+ Na+ phosphate
6.8-8.0
What is the pH range compatible with life? 6.8-8.0 7.0-9.0 7.35-7.45 5-9
water
When a strong base reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed from the base. carbon dioxide water carbonic acid bicarbonate ion
bicarbonate
When an acid reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed as an end product. bicarbonate phosphate water carbonic acid
decreased sodium and water reabsorption
When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________. increased renin secretion decreased sodium and water reabsorption increased antidiuretic-hormone secretion
aldosterone levels increase
When the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases, __________. a person experiences increased thirst more ADH is released osmoreceptors are stimulated aldosterone levels increase
urine
Where are most electrolytes normally lost? urine feces sweating respiration
neurons
Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes? leukocytes osteoblasts neurons epithelial
hypoventilation
Which condition would cause a drop in pH? hypernatremia hypoventilation hypokalemia hyperventilation
aldosterone
Which factor accounts for the ability of the body to conserve high levels of sodium? blood pressure kidney function aldosterone adequate diet
K+
Which ion is usually exchanged for sodium absorption? K+ bicarbonate H+ Cl-
stomach
Which of the following does not play a significant role in maintaining acid-base balance? respiration stomach kidney blood buffers
the phosphate buffer system
Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma? respiratory rate the bicarbonate buffer system the protein buffer system the phosphate buffer system
glucose
Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte? sodium potassium chloride glucose
mental confusion
Which of the following is an effect of acidosis? mental confusion decreased diuresis increased diuresis seizures