2022 NMBE CBSE for OMFS - Immunology, Microbiology, Heme & Onc

Pneumocystitis jiroveci

"Ground Glass" Appearing Infiltrates, Seen in AIDs Pts. Oropharyngeal candidiasis Treatment: Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole

Thalassemia intermedia (mild form of beta-thalasemmia)

A mutation in Kozak sequence of the beta-globin gene.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.

Toxoplasma gondii

Crosses the placenta, results in intracerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, and convulsions Positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody Treatment: Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole

Histoplasma capsulatum

Endemic in the Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri, and Eastern Great Lakes, is found in soil with bird and bat feces, and is associated with infections in spelunkers and chicken coop cleaners Treatment: Itraconozole

Systemic defense against Candida is performed by what cells?

Neutrophils - neutropenic individuals are more likely to have systemic disease

Epsein-Barr virus (EBV)

Positive monospot test (positive heterophil antibodies)

Cryptococcus neoformans

Round yeast with narrow based buds Virulence factor: A thick polysaccharide capsule

C. hyphae

Sprouts of true hyphae from yeast cells.

Local defense against Candida is performed by what cells?

T-cells - localized candidiasis is common in HIV(+) patients

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

The common soil mycobacteria that frequently cause systemic infection and death in AIDS patients. Symptoms: diarrhea and weight loss Treatment: Azithromycin

lymph drainage: upper limb, lateral breast

axillary lymph node

lymph drainage: stomach

celiac lymph node

lymph drainage: sigmoid colon

colic-->inferior mesenteric lymph node

Streptococci pneumoniae

gram positive cocci Optochin sensitive

lymph node paracortex in DiGeorge syndrome

not well developed

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

pregnancy hormone The alpha subunit is identical to TSH, FSH, and LH. High circulating levels of hCG can overstimulate the thyroid gland.

What is the most serious complication that can develop from scarlet fever?

rheumatic fever

lymph drainage: duodenum, jejunum

superior mesenteric lymph node

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood HBsAg: antigen found on surface of HBV - indicates infection Anti-HBs: immunity to Hep B HBcAG: HBV core antigen