21st Century Literature
Utopian fiction
"No place" or "nowhere"
Comic Book Cover, Comic Page
2 Parts of a Comic Book:
Brevity, Complete Plot, Surprise
3 Characteristics of Flash Fiction:
Plot, Characters, Hook, Slam-Bang Finish
4 Elements of Flash Fiction:
Shonen/Shounen, Seinen, Shoujo, Josei
4 Types of Manga:
Character, Setting, Plot, Point of View, Style, Theme
5 Elements of Fiction:
Main Title, Credits, subtitles, Publisher, Cover Image
5 parts Comic Book Cover
Caption, Panel, Dialogue Balloons, Gutter, Thought Bubble
5 parts Comic Page
a. The citizens of the society are controlled by propaganda b. Information, independent thought, and freedom are restricted c. A figurehead/concept is worshiped by the citizens of the society d. Citizens are perceived to be under surveillance e. Citizens have fear of the outside world f. Citizens live in a dehumanized state g. The natural world is banished and distrusted h. Citizens conform to uniform expectations. Individuality and dissent are bad i. The society is an illusion on a perfect utopian world
9 CHARACTERISTICS of a dystopian society:
Point of View
Elements of Fiction: - can use different point of view in one story
Theme
Elements of Fiction: - in which the story revolves to
Setting
Elements of Fiction: - place, time, mood/atmosphere, social conditions, weather conditions
ou, topos
Greek of: not and place
Manga
Style of Japanese comic books and graphic novels
METAFICTION
- the self-conscious narrative - a narrative technique in which the work self-consciously calls attention to itself as a work of fiction - a fiction about a fiction
Six-word story
A of Flash Fiction that: telling a story in just SIX words - can have all the emotional themes of larger stories - should have a conflict
Flash Fiction
A very short story - Also called as: sudden fiction, short-short stories, microfiction, or microstories
Speculative Fiction
Broad genre that encompasses stories that take place in imaginary words as a result of one or more "what if?" questions - Explore the what ifs of what is possible in the words - Less likely to happen in real life ↪ Examples: 1. Jumanji 2. Your name
Brevity
Characteristics of Flash Fiction: - 6 to 100 words - short, concise, compressed
Complete Plot
Characteristics of Flash Fiction: beginning, middle, end
Surprise
Characteristics of Flash Fiction: twist/plot twist - to make the story interesting for the readers - turning the story upside down
Character
Elements of Fiction: - a fiction can have many characters
Style
Elements of Fiction: - authors have different writing styles
Plot
Elements of Fiction: - beginning, middle, end
Hook
Elements of Flash Fiction: engages the readers - to grab attention
Slam-Bang Finish
Elements of Flash Fiction: makes the story remarkable/impactful for the readers
Author is a Character
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - Fleabag - To All the Boys I've Loved Before - The Summer I Turned Pretty - Avengers Endgame
Narrator exposes himself/herself as the Author
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - How I Met Your Mother - Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events - Stranger than Fiction
Narrative Footnote
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell by Susanna Clarke - Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan - The Amulet of Samarkand by Jonathan Stroud - Snuff by Terry Pratchett - Lost in a Good Book by Jasper Fforde
Parallel Novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - Maleficent: Mistress of Evil - Joker - The Last Ringbearer - Longbourn - March
Merging of Characters/elements
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - Shrek Forever After - Sofia the First - Avengers Endgame - The School for Good - and Evil Book Series
Reader Reading
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - The Neverending Story - Inkheart - The Hitchhiker's Guide to Galaxy - The History of Don Quixote
Writer Writing
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: - W: Two Worlds - Stranger than Fiction - Ruby Sparks
non-linear novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: Examples: - Kaleidoscope (Series) - The Sound and the Fury - Cloud Atlas
non-linear novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: It can take many forms: by using flashforwards, flashbacks, dream sequences, or foreshadowing.
non-linear novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: a _______ can be read in any order other than from beginning to end.
Seeking Interaction
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: a. Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986) b. Jane Eyre (1847) c. The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) d. Fleabag (2016-2019) e. The Diary of a Wimpy Kid f. House of Leaves
non-linear novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: events are told or portrayed out of chronological order.
non-linear novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Examples: plotlines can mimic the recall of human memory, or weave in fantastical elements like time travel or clairvoyance.
Merging of Characters/elements
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: Merging characters or elements from a diverse works of fiction into a new fictional scenario
Breaking the 4th Wall
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: ________which means a character "acknowledges their fictionality, by either indirectly or directly addressing the audience" (Tvtropes, 2020).)
Reader Reading
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: a novel about a reader reading a novel
Writer Writing
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: a novel about a writer creating a story
Narrator exposes himself/herself as the Author
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: a novel where the narrator/character intentionally or accidentally exposes himself as an author creating the story being read
Narrative Footnote
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: are notes that are placed at the end of a page and used to reference parts of the text (generally using superscript numbers).
Author is a Character
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: either they play an integral part in the story or simply just a cameo
Author is a Character
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: self-insertion is a practice by authors of writing themselves into their own stories, either explicitly or in a thinly disguised form;
Seeking Interaction
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: the fourth wall is an imaginary wall that separates the story from the real world
Narrator exposes himself/herself as the Author
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: there should be a narrator to reveal himself/herself as the author
Narrative Footnote
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: which continues the story while commenting on it
Parallel Novel
Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction: which has the same setting and time period as a previous work and many of the same characters but is told from a different perspective
Realistic Fiction
Explores the "what ifs" of character development - Speculate upon how the character would react to the changes in the world - can happen/could have happened/possible to happen in real life ↪ Examples: 1. Brooklyn 99 2. Modern Family 3. FRIENDS
Sir Thomas Moore (1516)
First person to write a book on Utopia - include what year
FICTION
Literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels that describes imaginary events and people - Invention or fabrication as opposed to fact. author uses his/her imagination to come up with a story
whimsical or impromptu, pictures
Meaning of Man and ga in Manga
Alternate History
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: "Changing history"
Alternate History
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Based on the idea that for every decision that is made in our reality, there is another place where the event/decision turned out differently
Science Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Deals mainly with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society and individuals
Apocalyptic Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Deals with the end of civilization
Science Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Events cannot be explained accurately by science: a. Advance Technology b. Extraterrestrial Organisms c. Unexplained Phenomenon
Science fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Interchangeably used to speculative fiction
Science Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: May be based on or contradict scientific facts
Science Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Most famous type of speculative fiction
Dystopian Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Presents a futuristic, imagined world in which there is only an illusion of a perfect society
Post Apocalyptic Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Set in a world after a disaster
Alternate History
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Sets in worlds in which one/more historical events unfold differently from how it did in reality
Dystopian Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Society itself is typically the antagonist
Utopian fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: The author of a utopian novel sets their narrative in a world that aligns with their broader ethos and personal philosophy
Dystopian Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: The society is actively working against the protagonist's aims and desires
Fantasy
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: Uses magic and supernatural elements in the plot, theme, and setting Often involves a journey or quest
Utopian fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: a style of fiction that takes place in an idealized world
Post Apocalyptic Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: explores possible human responses to the destruction of the world or of society
Apocalyptic Fiction
TYPES of Speculative Fiction: foretells supernaturally inspired cataclysmic events that will transpire at the end of the world
True
True or false: Elements of Fiction has the same with the elements of a story
False, 1 to 2
True or false: flash fiction can have 1 to 3 characters only.
Shonen/Shounen
Types of Manga: "Boy" in Japanese
Seinen
Types of Manga: 18 and up
Seinen
Types of Manga: Aimed at adult men, usually college age and up
Seinen
Types of Manga: Examples: a. Ai Yori Aoshi b. Battle Royale c. One Punch Man
Shonen/Shounen
Types of Manga: Examples: a. Dragon Ball b. Naruto c. One Piece d. Attack on Titan
Shonen/Shounen
Types of Manga: Tends to focus on actions, sports, romance from a young male point of view - 12 to 18 years old
Seinen
Types of Manga: With more mature content and topics
Shoujo
Types of Manga: Young woman
Graphic Novel
a novel written and illustrated in the style of a comic book
Credits
parts Comic Book Cover - Lists the contributors to the book - Writer - Artist - Inker
Cover Image
parts Comic Book Cover - Meant to catch the reader's attention - depicts one of the scene
Publisher
parts Comic Book Cover - The company responsible for publishing the book
Main Title
parts Comic Book Cover - Title of the comic denoting the series it belongs to
Subtitle
parts Comic Book Cover - Title of the individual issue
Thought Bubble
parts Comic Page -contains thoughts of the indicated character - thoughts that are not spoken
Panel
parts Comic Page - a single image is contained within a panel
Caption
parts Comic Page - a speech box that contains narration
Dialogue Balloons
parts Comic Page - contain words spoken by the indicated character
Gutter
parts Comic Page the space between panels
Comic Books
refers to any format that uses a combination of frames, words, and pictures - Examples: a. Archie b. Peanuts
Graphic Novel
used to describe any book in a comic format that resembles a novel in length and narrative development - longer versions Examples: a. Maus (Vladek Spiegelman) b. Coraline (Neil Gaiman)
Science Fiction, Fantasy, Utopian Fiction, Dystopian Fiction, Apocalyptic Fiction, Post Apocalyptic Fiction, Alternate History
↪ 7 TYPES of Speculative Fiction
1. Seeking Interaction, 2. Narrator exposes himself/herself as the Author, 3. Merging of Characters/elements, 4. Author is a Character, 5. Reader Reading, 6. Writer Writing, 7. Narrative Footnote, 8. Non-Linear Novel, 9. Parallel Novel
↪9 Elements/Characteristics of Metafiction:
Flash Fiction, Realistic Fiction, Speculative Fiction, METAFICTION
➤ Different TYPES of FICTION