2.5 Extremities
Knee arthrography may be performed to demonstrate a 1. torn meniscus 2. Baker's cyst 3. torn rotator cuff
1 and 2 only
What is the projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot, while permitting the patient to keep weight equally distributed on both feet? A. Mediolateral B. Lateromedial C. Mediolateral weight-bearing lateral D. Lateromedial weight-bearing lateral
Lateromedial weight-bearing lateral
Which of the following statements are true regarding the fracture in the following clavicle? 1. It is superior to the 5th rib 2. It is medial to the sternal extremity 3. It is inferior to the 2nd rib 4. It is lateral to the acromion
1 and 3 only
Which of the following statements regarding the radiograph in Figure A is (are) true? 1. The tibial eminences are well visualized 2. The intercondyloid fossa is demonstrated between the femoral condyles 3. The femorotibial articulation is well demonstrated
1 and 3 only
Which of the following is (are) accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee? 1. Femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally 2. Patella superimposed on distal tibia. CR enters ½ in 3. distal to base of patella
1 only
Which of the following is (are) located on the anterior aspect of the femur? 1. Patellar surface 2. Intertrochanteric crest 3. Linea aspera
1 only
Which of the following is (are) located on the proximal aspect of the humerus? 1. Intertubercular groove 2. Capitulum 3. Coronoid fossa
1 only
Which of the following projections require(s) that the shoulder be placed in external rotation? 1. AP humerus 2. Lateral forearm 3. Lateral humerus
1 only
The secondary center of ossification in long bones is the
epiphysis
An AP oblique (lateral rotation) of the elbow demonstrates which of the following? 1. Radial head free of superimposition 2. Capitulum of the humerus 3. Olecranon process within the olecranon foss
1 and 2 only
As seen in the following image, the base of the 3rd metatarsal articulates with 1. The lateral cuneiform 2. The base of the second metatarsal 3. The medial cuneiform 4. The base of the fifth metatarsal
1 and 2 only
All of the following bones are associated with condyles except the A. femur. B. tibia. C. fibula. D. mandible.
Fibula
Which of the following indicates the scapular costal surface seen in the figure below?
K
In the PA tunnel view of the knee, the intercondyloid fossa is labeled with which of the following numbers?
2
Important considerations for radiographic examinations of traumatic injuries to the upper extremity include 1. only the joint closest to the injured site must be supported during movement 2. both joints must be included in long bone studies 3. two views, at 90 degrees to each other, are required
2 and 3 only
Shoulder arthrography is performed to 1. evaluate humeral luxation 2. demonstrate complete or partial rotator cuff tear 3. evaluate the glenoid labrum
2 and 3 only
Which type of articulation is evaluated in arthrography?
Diarthrodial
What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 7 in Figure 6-22? A. Coracoid process B. Coronoid process C. Trochlear notch D. Radial notch
Radial notch
What is the structure labeled number 5 in Figure 2-37?
Radial styloid
During knee arthrography, into what space is the contrast medium injected?
Synovial capsule
All the following can be associated with the elbow joint except A. the capitulum. B. the trochlea. C. the tubercles. D. the epicondyles.
Tubercles
The term indicating movement away from the body is
abduction
All the following can be associated with the distal radius except A. head. B. styloid process. C. ulnar notch. D. radioulnar joint.
head
All the following structures are associated with the posterior femur except A. popliteal surface B. intercondyloid fossa C. intertrochanteric line D. linea aspera
intertrochanteric line
Posterior displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the
lateral projection
Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the longitudinal arch?
lateral weight bearing
Which of the following conditions is limited specifically to the tibial tuberosity? A. Ewing sarcoma B. Osgood-Schlatter disease C. Gout D. Exostosis
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Turning of the body or arm so that the palm faces backward, with the thumb toward the midline of the body, describes
Pronation
In the following image of the PA wrist, which of the numbers corresponds to the joint space between the trapezoid and capitate?
1
Which CR angulation is required for the PA axial scaphoid below:
10-15° proximal
What projection was used to obtain the image seen in Figure 2-41?
AP, external rotation
The primary center of ossification in long bones is the
Diaphysis
The medical term for congenital clubfoot is
talipes
The structure labeled number 5 in Figure 2-41 is the
glenohumeral joint
The term varus refers to
turned inward
The following procedure can be employed to better demonstrate the carpal scaphoid: 1. elevate hand and wrist 20° 2. place wrist in ulnar deviation 3. angle CR 20° distally (toward fingers)
1 and 2 only
The tarsals and metatarsals are arranged to form the 1. transverse arch 2. longitudinal arch 3. oblique arch
1 and 2 only
Which of the following are visible on the mortise view of the ankle? 1. Talotibial joint 2. Talofibular joint 3. Talocalcaneal joint
1 and 2 only
When positioning for the PA projection of the wrist, arching the hand by slightly curling the fingers works to 1. Reduce OID 2. Demonstrate the carpal tunnel 3. Better visualize intercarpal joint spaces 4. Project the scaphoid free of superimposition
1 and 3
In the lateral projection of the scapula, the 1. vertebral and axillary borders are superimposed 2. acromion and coracoid processes are superimposed 3. inferior angle is superimposed on the ribs.
1 only
In which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris required for an accurate diagnosis? 1. Supine flexion 40 degrees (Merchant) 2. Prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast) 3. Prone flexion 55 degrees (Hughston)
1 only
The scapula shown in Figure 2-29 demonstrates 1. its posterior aspect 2. its costal surface 3. its sternal articular surface0
1 only
Which of the following articulations is/are well visualized in the extension lateral position of the hand? 1. Radiocarpal 2. 1st carpometacarpal 3. Proximal interphalangeal
1 only
Each of the digits 2 through 5 of the hand contain how many interphalangeal joints?
2
A modified axiolateral inferosuperior projection of the femoral neck is particularly useful 1. when the "cross-table" axiolateral is contraindicated 2. for patients with bilateral hip fractures 3. for patients with limited movement of the unaffected leg
1, 2, and 3
Angulation of the central ray may be required 1. to avoid superimposition of overlying structures 2. to avoid foreshortening or self-superimposition 3. to project through certain articulations
1, 2, and 3
In the 15° medial oblique projection of the ankle, demonstrates the entire 1. talofibular joint 2. tibiotalar joint 3. ankle mortise
1, 2, and 3
Muscles that contribute to the formation of the rotator cuff include the 1. subscapularis. 2. infraspinatus. 3. teres minor.
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following articulations participate in the formation of the elbow joint? 1. Between the humeral trochlea and the semilunar/trochlear notch 2. Between the capitulum and the radial head 3. The proximal radioulnar joint
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following articulations participate in the formation of the elbow joint? 1. Between the humeral trochlea and the semilunar/trochlear notch 2. Between the capitulum and the radial head 3. The proximal radioulnar joint
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following correctly identifies the radial styloid process in the illustration in Figure A?
11
In the image below of the AP weight-bearing projection of the feet, which CR angulation is required: A. 10° anteriorly B. 10° posteriorly C. 15° anteriorly D. 15°posteriorly
15°posteriorly
Which of the following is (are) typically associated with a Colles' fracture? 1. Transverse fracture of the radial head 2. Chip fracture of the ulnar styloid 3. Posterior or backward displacement
2 and 3 only
Which of the following projection(s) require(s) that the shoulder be placed in internal rotation? 1. AP humerus 2. AP thumb 3. Lateral humerus
2 and 3 only
With the patient positioned as shown in Figure 6-13, how should the CR be directed to best demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa? A. Perpendicular to the popliteal depression B. 40 degrees caudad to the popliteal depression C. Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur D. 40 degrees cephalad to the popliteal depression
40 degrees caudad to the popliteal depression
To demonstrate the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is positioned A. 45 degrees oblique, affected side away from IR B. 45 degrees oblique, affected side adjacent to IR C. 25 degrees oblique, affected side away from IR D. 25 degrees oblique, affected side adjacent to IR
45 degrees oblique, affected side adjacent to IR
Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation? A. AP B. 90 degrees mediolateral C. 45-degree internal rotation D. 45-degree external rotation
45-degree internal rotation
In the following mediolateral projection of the ankle, the cuboid is represented by which of the following numbers?
5
In the AP knee projection of an asthenic patient who measures less than 19 cm from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to tabletop, the CR should be directed
5 degrees caudad
Which of the labeled bones in Figure 6-14 identifies the tarsal navicular?
6
Which of the labeled bones in Figure A identifies the tarsal navicular?
6
Shoulder arthrography is used to demonstrate which of the following conditions? (select the three that apply) A. Rotator cuff tear B. Articular cartilage damage C. Joint capsule abnormalities D. Arthritic changes
A, B, C
The trauma axial lateral - Coyle method of the elbow for radial head below requires: (choose 3) A. Hand pronated B. Flexion of 90°° if possible C. CR angle of 30°° toward shoulder D. Decreased exposure factors for soft-tissue detail E. Elbow and shoulder on same plane
A, B, E
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition? A. AP oblique, medial rotation B. AP oblique, lateral rotation C. Mediolateral D. Lateral weight-bearing
AP oblique, medial rotation
Medial displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the
AP projection
Which shoulder position is used in the following image?
AP projection internal rotation
Which of the following projections is most likely to demonstrate the carpal pisiform free of superimposition? A. Radial flexion/deviation B. Ulnar flexion/deviation C. AP (medial) oblique D. AP (lateral) oblique
AP (medial) oblique
Which of the following is most likely to be the correct routine for a radiographic examination of the forearm? A. PA and medial oblique B. AP and lateral oblique C. PA and lateral D. AP and lateral
AP and lateral
Which of the following views would best demonstrate arthritic changes in the knees? A. AP recumbent B. Lateral recumbent C. AP erect D. Medial oblique
AP erect
The greater tubercle should be visualized in profile in which of the following? A. AP shoulder, external rotation B. AP shoulder, internal rotation C. AP elbow D. Lateral elbow
AP shoulder, external rotation
The greater tubercle should be visualized in profile in which of the following? A. AP shoulder, external rotation B. AP shoulder, internal rotation C. AP elbow D. Lateral elbow
AP shoulder, external rotation
Which of the following terms can be used interchangeably to refer to a part moving away from midline, as well as spreading of the fingers and toes apart? A. Adduction B. Eversion C. Abduction D. Inversion
Abduction
Please identify structure "3" in the following labeled image of the lateral humerus.
Acromion
In Figure 2-29, which of the following is represented by the number 3?
Acromion Process
Which of the following fracture classifications describes a small bony fragment pulled from a bony process? A. Avulsion fracture B. Torus fracture C. Comminuted fracture D. Compound fracture
Avulsion fracture
What projection of the calcaneus is obtained with the leg extended, the plantar surface of the foot vertical and perpendicular to the IR, and the CR directed 40 degrees cephalad? A. Axial plantodorsal projection B. Axial dorsoplantar projection C. Lateral projection D. Weight-bearing lateral projection
Axial plantodorsal projection
When performing either a Homblad or a Camp-Coventry method of the knee to visualize the intercondylar fossa, which of the following statements are true? (select the two that apply) A. The knee is flexed 30°° B. The central ray is directed parallel to the tibial plateau C. The central ray is directed perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia D. The central ray is directed parallel to the long axis of the tibia E. The proximal tibiofibular articulation will be open
B, C
For the AP projection of the humerus, a true AP position is identified by: A. Lesser tubercle is seen in profile laterally B. Humeral head is partially in profile laterally C. Bilateral epicondyles seen in profile D. Greater tubercle is seen in profile medially
Bilateral epicondyles seen in profile
In which type of fracture are the fractured ends of bone forced through the skin?
Compound
An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture that is not visualized using a perpendicular CR. When examining the clavicle in the PA axial projection, how should the Central Ray directed?
Caudad
The anterior process of the scapula is which of the following? A. Coronoid process B. Coracoid process C. Carotid process D. Acromion
Coracoid process
The structure labeled number 4 in Figure 2-41 is the
Coracoid process
With the patient seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 80 degrees, and the CR directed 45 degrees laterally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, which of the following structures will be demonstrated best? A. Radial head B. Ulnar head C. Coronoid process D. Olecranon process
Coronoid process
In the lateral weight-bearing ankle below, which part is labeled with number 5:
Cuboid
The bone labeled number 3 in Figure 7-15 is the
Cuboid
Which of the following articulates with the base of the fifth metatarsal?
Cuboid
Positioning for the PA lateral scapula image below can be corrected by which of the following? A. Increasing the patient's rotation to bring the humeral head further into the ribs B. Decreasing the patient's rotation to bring the humeral head away from the ribs C. Bringing the patient's elbow back to project the humeral shaft onto the scapular body D. Use breathing technique and longer exposure time to blur out ribs
Decreasing the patient's rotation to bring the humeral head away from the ribs
Standard radiographic protocols may be reduced to include two views, at right angles to each other, in which of the following situations? A. Barium examinations B. Spine radiography C. Skull radiography D. Emergency and trauma radiography
Emergency and trauma radiography
Which of the following articulates with the base of the first metatarsal? A. First cuneiform B. Third cuneiform C. Navicular D. Cuboid
First cuneiform
How can OID be reduced for a PA projection of the wrist?
Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints.
The Grashey projection of the shoulder below can be used to demonstrate which of the following? A. Glenohumeral joint B. Anterior dislocation of the humerus C. Lesser tubercle abnormalities D. Posterior dislocation of the humerus
Glenohumeral joint
A compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head and associated with an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is called a(an)
Hill-Sachs defect.
Which positioning correction is needed for the scapular Y lateral radiograph below? A. Decrease the patient rotation to bring the humeral head further away from the ribs B. Increase the patient rotation to bring the humeral head closer to the ribs C. Decrease the patient rotation to bring the humeral head closer to the ribs D. Increase the patient rotation to bring the humeral head further away from the ribs
Increase the patient rotation to bring the humeral head closer to the ribs
All elbow fat pads are best demonstrated in which position?
Lateral
Figure A was made in which of the following positions? A. AP B. Medial oblique C. Lateral oblique D. Partial flexion
Lateral Oblique
In the oblique projection,Grashey method, of the shoulder, which structure is represented by number 5?
Lateral angle of scapula
In Figure 2-29, which of the following is represented by the number 7?
Lateral border
The distal end of the non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg is called which of the following? A. Apex of the fibula B. Medial malleolus C. Lateral malleolus D. Fovea capitus
Lateral malleolus
Which of the following projections of the elbow should demonstrate the radial head free of ulnar superimposition? A. AP B. Lateral C. Medial oblique D. Lateral oblique
Lateral oblique
Which of the following correctly identifies the letter L in the radiograph shown in Figure 7-13? A. Hamate B. Lunate C. Scaphoid D. Trapezium
Lunate
Which surface must be adjacent to the IR to obtain a lateral projection of the fourth finger with optimal recorded detail?
Medial
Identify the structure labeled 1 in the AP projection of the knee shown in Figure 2-16.
Medial epicondyle
In the lateral projection of the knee, the central ray is angled 5° cephalad to prevent superimposition of which of the following structures on the joint space? A. Lateral femoral condyle B. Medial femoral condyle C. Patella D. Tibial eminence
Medial femoral condyle
Which of the following bones lies on the medial aspect of the foot? A. Navicular B. Cuboid C. Intermediate cuneiform D. Middle phalanx of the fifth digit
Navicular
Which of the following correctly identifies the head of the ulna in the illustration in Figure 6-22?
Number 9
Which of the following is an important consideration to avoid excessive metacarpal joint overlap in the oblique projection of the hand? A. Oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees. B. Use a support sponge for the phalanges. C. Clench the fist to bring the carpals closer to the IR. D. Use ulnar flexion.
Oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees.
What process is best seen using a perpendicular CR with the elbow in acute flexion and with the posterior aspect of the humerus adjacent to the image receptor?
Olecranon
Which of the following is most useful for bone age evaluation?
PA Hand
Which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation? A. Tangential B. AP axial C. Transthoracic lateral D. PA oblique scapular Y
PA oblique scapular Y
The sternoclavicular joint is classified as which type of joint:
Plane
In which of the following positions/projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized? A. Dorsoplantar projection of the foot B. Plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus C. Medial oblique position of the foot D. Lateral foot
Plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus
What could be done to improve the mediolateral projection of the knee seen in Figure 2-3? A. Rotate the pelvis slightly forward/anteriorly B. Rotate the pelvis slightly backward/posteriorly C. Angle the x-ray tube 5 degrees cephalad D. Angle the x-ray tube 5 degrees caudad
Rotate the pelvis slightly backward/posteriorly
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
For a true AP of the clavicle, the midclavicle is superimposed over which portion of the scapula?
Scapular angle
The functions of which body system include mineral homeostasis, protection, and triglyceride storage?
Skeletal
Which of the following statements is true regarding the following AP ankle projection? A. The distal half of the metatarsals are well visualized B. The mortise joint is open on all sides C. Superimposition of the distal tibia and fibula is present D. The talus is projected inferior to the calcaneus
Superimposition of the distal tibia and fibula is present
In which of the following positions can the sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated to be free of superimposition with the metatarsals or phalanges? A. Dorsoplantar metatarsals/toes B. Tangential metatarsals/toes C. 30-degree medial oblique foot D. 30-degree lateral oblique foot
Tangential metatarsals/toes
Which of the following is used to obtain a lateral projection of the upper humerus on patients who are unable to abduct their arm? A. Bicipital groove projection B. Superoinferior lateral C. Inferosuperior axial D. Transthoracic lateral
Transthoracic lateral
What is the structure labeled number 2 in Figure 2-37?
Trapezium
Place the following carpal bones in order from lateral to medial Capitate Trapezium Hamate Trapezoid
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
To better visualize the knee-joint space in the radiograph in Figure 2-31, the radiographer should A. flex the knee more acutely B. flex the knee less acutely C. angle the CR 5 to 7 degrees cephalad D. angle the CR 5 to 7 degrees caudad
angle the CR 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
The mediolateral projection of the knee shown in Figure 6-1 could best be improved by A. rotating the patient forward B. rotating the patient backward C. angling the central ray (CR) about 5 degrees caudad D. angling the CR about 5 degrees cephalad
angling the CR about 5 degrees cephalad
Synovial fluid is associated with the
bony articulations
Impingement on the wrist's median nerve causing pain and disability of the affected hand and wrist is known as
carpal tunnel syndrome
The instrument that is used frequently in quality-control programs to measure varying degrees of x-ray exposure is the
densitometer
The fifth metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand?
medial
In which of the following projections is the talofibular joint best demonstrated? A. AP B. Lateral oblique C. Medial oblique D. Lateral
medial oblique
In which of the following projections was the image in Figure 2-7 made? A. AP B. medial oblique C. lateral oblique D. acute flexion
medial oblique
Cells concerned with the formation and repair of bone are
osteoblasts
A spontaneous fracture most likely would be associated with
pathology
The best projection to demonstrate the articular surfaces of the femoropatellar articulation is the
tangential projection - sunrise
When examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion, A. the AP projection requires two separate positions and exposures. B. the AP projection is made through the partially flexed elbow, resting on the olecranon process, CR perpendicular to IR. C. the AP projection is made through the partially flexed elbow, resting on the olecranon process, CR parallel to the humerus. D. the AP projection is eliminated from the routine.
the AP projection requires two separate positions and exposures.
All of the following statements regarding the inferosuperior axial (nontrauma, Lawrence method) projection of the shoulder are true, except A. the coracoid process and lesser tubercle are seen in profile B. the arm is abducted about 90° from the body C. the arm should be in internal rotation D. the CR is directed medially 25° to 30° through the axilla
the arm should be in internal rotation
All the following are posterior structures except A. the linea aspera. B. the intertrochanteric line. C. the popliteal surface. D. the intercondyloid fossa.
the intertrochanteric line.
The first carpometacarpal joint is formed by the articulation of the base of the first metacarpal and the
trapezium
What portion of the humerus articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint?
trochlea
All the following can be associated with the distal ulna except A. head B. radioulnar joint C. styloid process D. trochlear notch
trochlear notch.
Which of the following statements regarding knee x-ray arthrography is (are) true? 1. Ligament tears can be demonstrated 2. Sterile technique is observed 3. MRI can follow x-ray
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following anatomical structures are well visualized in the image below (select the five that apply)? A.Superimposed medial and lateral femoral condyles B. Intercondylar eminence C. Medial malleolus D. Fibular head E. Patellofemoral joint space F. Intercondylar fossa G. Lateral malleolus H. Infrapatellar fat pad region
A, B, D, E, H
Which of the following are fat pads or fat stripes that may be visible on the lateral projection of the elbow during trauma? (select the three that apply) A. Posterior B. Anterior C. Superior D. Distal E. Flexor F. Supinator
A, B, F
Which of the following are evaluation criteria that apply to this lateral forearm? (select the three that apply) A. Includes proximal carpals B. Elbow is flexed 90° C. Radial tuberosity in profile D. Humeral epicondyles superimposed E. Superimposition of distal radius and ulna
A, C, E
Which of the following projections will visualize a trimalleolar fracture? (select the four that apply) A. AP ankle B. AP foot C. 15° oblique ankle D. 45° oblique foot E. Lateral ankle F. Lateral foot
A, C, E, F
Place the following areas of the scapula in order from superior/uppermost margin to inferior: Lateral border Coracoid Glenoid Acromion Inferior angle
Acromion Coracoid Glenoid Lateral border Inferior angle
Which of the following correctly describes/identifies the letter T in the radiograph shown in Figure 7-13? A. Gliding joint B. Pivot joint C. Diarthrotic joint D. Amphiarthrotic joint
Diarthrotic joint
In the AP weight-bearing ankle below, which joint is represented by number 4:
Tibiofibular
Tangential axial projections of the patella can be obtained in which of the following positions? 1. supine flexion 45° (Merchant) 2. prone flexion 90° (Settegast) 3. prone flexion 55° (Hughston)
1, 2, and 3
To demonstrate the entire circumference of the radial head, the required exposure(s) must include 1. epicondyles perpendicular to the IP 2. hand pronated hand 3. externally rotated with thumb up
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are components of a trimalleolar fracture? 1. Fractured lateral malleolus 2. Fractured medial malleolus 3. Fractured posterior tibia
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following criteria is (are) required for visualization of the greater tubercle in profile? 1. Epicondyles parallel to the IR 2. Arm in external rotation 3. Humerus in AP position
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is (are) valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm? 1. The radius and the ulna should be superimposed distally. 2. The coronoid process and the radial head should be partially superimposed. 3. The humeral epicondyles should be superimposed.
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint? 1. Scapular Y projection 2. Inferosuperior axial 3. Transthoracic lateral
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint? 1. Scapular Y projection 2. Inferosuperior axial 3. Transthoracic lateral
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the radiograph in Figure 2-12? 1. The patient is placed in an RAO position 2. The midcoronal plane is about 60 degrees to the IR 3. The acromion and coracoid processes form the upper extensions of the "Y"
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following statements regarding the Norgaard method, "Ball-Catcher's position," is (are) correct? 1. Bilateral AP oblique hands are obtained 2. It is used for early detection of rheumatoid arthritis 3. The hands are obliqued about 45 degrees, palm up
1, 2, and 3
In the 45-degree medial oblique projection of the ankle, the 1. talotibial joint is visualized 2. tibiofibular joint is visualized 3. foot is dorsiflexed nearly 90°
2 and 3 only
On the lateral projection of the knee, which of the following part and CR positions are needed to demonstrate superimposition of the femoral condyles? 1. 7-10-degree cephalic angulation for a short patient with a narrow pelvis 2. Position plane of patella perpendicular to IR 3. 5-degree cephalic angulation for a tall patient with a narrow pelvis
2 and 3 only
Skeletal conditions characterized by faulty bone calcification include 1. osteoarthritis 2. osteomalacia 3. rickets
2 and 3 only
The AP oblique projection (medial rotation) of the elbow demonstrates which of the following? 1. Radial head free of superimposition 2. Olecranon process within the olecranon fossa 3. Coronoid process free of superimposition
2 and 3 only
The radiograph shown in Figure 2-15 demonstrates the articulation between the 1. talus and the calcaneus 2. calcaneus and the cuboid 3. talus and the navicular
2 and 3 only
To better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the toes, which of the following procedures may be employed? 1. Angle the CR 15 degrees caudad 2. Angle the CR 15 degrees cephalad 3. Place a sponge wedge under the foot with the toes elevated 15 degrees
2 and 3 only
Which of the following is (are) valid criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm? 1. The radius and ulna should be superimposed proximally and distally 2. The coronoid process and radial head should be superimposed 3. The radial tuberosity should face anteriorly
2 and 3 only
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the images shown in Figure 2-33? 1. Image A is positioned in internal rotation. 2. Image B is positioned in internal rotation. 3. The greater tubercle is better demonstrated in image A.
2 and 3 only
With the patient and the x-ray tube positioned as illustrated in Figure 2-2, which of the following will be visualized? 1. Intercondyloid fossa 2. Patellofemoral articulation 3. Tangential patella
2 and 3 only
What is needed to correct the AP projection of the knee seen below? 1) Move centering laterally to reduce soft-tissue cutoff 2) Rotate knee 5-10° external for equidistant femoral condyles 3) Angle CR 5-10° caudad to level tibia plateaus
2 only
Which of the following statements is (are) true with respect to the radiograph shown in the Figure below? 1. The acromion process is seen partially superimposed on the third rib. 2. This projection is performed to evaluate the scapula. 3. This projection is performed to evaluate the acromioclavicular articulation.
2 only
What should be done to better demonstrate the coracoid process shown in Figure 2-22? A. Use a perpendicular CR B. Angle the CR about 30 degrees cephalad C. Angle the CR about 30 degrees caudad D. Angle the MSP 15 degrees toward the affected side
Angle the CR about 30 degrees cephalad
Varus and Valgus deformities of the knee joint are best evaluated with: A. AP weight bearing projection B. Lateromedial cross-table lateral projection C. Holmblad method D. Medial oblique projection, patient recumbent
Ap weight bearing projection
The relationship between the ends of fractured long bones is referred to as
Apposition
What is a fracture of the distal radius accompanied by posterior displacement and fracture of the ulnar styloid process called?
Colles
With the patient positioned as illustrated in Figure 2-20, which of the following structures is best demonstrated? A. Patella B. Patellofemoral articulation C. Intercondyloid fossa D. Tibial tuberosity
Intercondyloid fossa
In which position of the shoulder is the lesser tubercle demonstrated in profile on the medial aspect of the humeral head?
Internal rotation
What does the number 8 in Figure 6-14 identify?
Medial malleolus
In which projection of the foot are the sinus tarsi, cuboid, and tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal best demonstrated?
Medial oblique
Which of the following projections of the elbow should demonstrate the coronoid process free of superimposition and the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa? A. AP B. Lateral C. Medial oblique D. Lateral oblique
Medial oblique
Which of the following projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the mortise? A. Medial oblique 15 to 20 degrees B. Lateral oblique 15 to 20 degrees C. Medial oblique 45 degrees D. Lateral oblique 45 degrees
Medial oblique 15 to 20 degrees
Which of the following projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint? A. Medial oblique 15° to 20° B. Lateral oblique 15° to 20° C. Medial oblique 45° D. Lateral oblique 45°
Medial oblique 45°
Carpal tunnel syndrome shows impingement of what nerve?
Median
Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate a vertical patellar fracture and the patellofemoral articulation? A. AP knee B. Lateral knee C. Tangential patella D. Tunnel view
Tangential patella
In a routine (mediolateral) lateral projection of the knee, if the fibular head is seen to be completely free from superimposition of the proximal tibia, what positioning error likely occurred? A. The patient extended their knee too much B. The patient was rotated posteriorly C. The patient flexed their knee too much D. The patient was rotated anteriorly
The patient was rotated anteriorly
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the carpal scaphoid? A. Lateral wrist B. Ulnar deviation C. Radial deviation D. Carpal tunnel
Ulnar deviation
What is the structure indicated by the letter A in Figure 7-3?
acromion process
Which of the following anatomic structures is indicated by the number 2 in Figure 2-7? A. medial epicondyle B. trochlea C. capitulum D. olecranon process
olecranon process
To demonstrate a profile view of the glenoid fossa, the patient is AP recumbent and obliqued 45 degrees A. toward the affected side B. away from the affected side C. with the arm at the side in the anatomic position D. with the arm in external rotation
toward the affected side
In the following image, which of the following statements is/are true regarding positioning? 1. Digits are parallel to the IP 2. There is a 45-degree obliquity 3. Centering is at the 3rd PIP joint
1 and 2 only
In the image below of the Gaynor-Hart method, which positioning improvements should be made: 1) Increase wrist flexion 2) Align long axis of wrist to IR 3) Decrease wrist flexion
1 and 2 only
For an AP projection of the knee on a patient whose measurement from ASIS to tabletop is 21 cm, which CR direction will best demonstrate the knee joint? A. 5 degrees caudad B. 10 degrees caudad C. 5 degrees cephalad D. 0 degrees (perpendicular)
0 degrees (perpendicular)
A patient unable to extend his or her arm is seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 90 degrees, with epicondyles perpendicular to IR. The CR is directed 45 degrees medially. Which of the following structures will be demonstrated best? 1. Radial head 2. Capitulum 3. Coronoid process
1 and 2 only
Adult orthoroentgenography, or radiographic measurement of long bones of an upper or lower extremity, requires which of the following accessories? 1. Bell-Thompson scale 2.Bucky tray 3. Cannula
1 and 2 only
Conditions in which there is a lack of normal bone calcification include 1. rickets. 2. osteomalacia 2. osteoarthritis.
1 and 2 only
Examples of synovial pivot articulations include the 1. atlantoaxial joint 2. radioulnar joint 3. temporomandibular joint
1 and 2 only
Which of the following statements regarding the PA oblique scapular Y projection of the shoulder joint is (are) true? 1. The midsagittal plane should be about 60 degrees to the IR 2. The scapular borders should be superimposed on the humeral shaft 3. An oblique projection of the shoulder is obtained
2 and 3 only
Ulnar deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)? 1. Medial carpals 2. Lateral carpals 3. Scaphoid
2 and 3 only
Valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm requires that 1. the epicondyles be parallel to the IR 2. the radius and ulna be superimposed distally 3. the radial tuberosity should face anteriorly
2 and 3 only
Which of the following articulate(s) with the bases of the metatarsals? 1. The heads of the first row of phalanges 2. The cuboid 3. The cuneiforms
2 and 3 only
Which of the following articulate(s) with the bases of the metatarsals? 1. The heads of the first row of phalanges 2. The cuboid 3. The cuneiforms
2 and 3 only
Which of the following is (are) distal to the tibial plateau? 1. Intercondyloid fossa 2. Tibial condyles 3. Tibial tuberosity
2 and 3 only
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate acromioclavicular separation? A. AP recumbent, affected shoulder B. AP recumbent, both shoulders C. AP erect, affected shoulder D. AP erect, both shoulders
AP erect, both shoulders
Which of the following positions would be the best choice for a right shoulder examination to rule out fracture? A. Internal and external rotation B. AP and tangential C. AP and AP axial D. AP and scapular Y
AP and scapular Y
The structures of the proximal radius, including the radial head and tuberosity, are either partially or completely superimposed on all projections of the elbow, EXCEPT: A. Coyle method, with flexion of 80 degrees at the elbow joint, and the tube angled 45 degrees away from the shoulder. B. AP projection of the elbow. C. AP oblique with medial rotation. D. AP oblique with lateral rotation.
AP oblique with lateral rotation.
In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second cuneiforms best demonstrated?
Lateral oblique foot
Which of the following is proximal to the carpal bones? A. Distal interphalangeal joints B. Proximal interphalangeal joints C. Metacarpals D. Radial styloid process
Radial styloid process
In the lateral projection of the ankle, the 1. talotibial joint is visualized 2. talofibular joint is visualized 3. tibia and fibula are superimposed
1 and 3 only
The following image of the lateral foot projection demonstrates 1. An open tibiotalar joint 2. The navicular projected inferior to the cuboid 3. Superimposed distal tibia and fibula
1 and 3 only
Which of the following is (are) located on the distal aspect of the humerus? 1. Capitulum 2. Intertubercular groove 3. Coronoid fossa
1 and 3 only
Proper positioning for the lateral calcaneus will result in: 1) Open joint space between calcaneus and cuboid 2) Superimposed talar domes 3) Lateral malleolus free of superimposition
1 and 2 only
Which of the following can be used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa? 1. Prone, knee flexed 40 degrees, CR directed caudad 40 degrees to the popliteal fossa 2. Supine, IR under flexed knee, CR directed cephalad to knee, perpendicular to tibia 3. Prone, patella parallel to IR, heel rotated 5 to 10 degrees lateral, CR perpendicular to knee joint
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is (are) true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints? 1. The procedure is performed in the erect position. 2. Use of weights can improve demonstration of the joints. 3. The procedure should be avoided if dislocation or separation is suspected.
1 and 2 only
Which of the following statements regarding Figure 2-10 is (are) true? 1. Correct degree of rotation is present. 2. Midphalanges are foreshortened 3. Fingers are parallel to the IR.
1 and 2 only
In the typical AP projection of the ankle, the 1. plantar surface of the foot is vertical. 2. fibula projects more distally than the tibia 3. calcaneus is well visualized
1 and 2 only
For the proximal AP femur below, which change should be made? A. Bring centering proximal 2 inches B. Externally rotate the femur to visualize the lesser trochanter in profile C. Bring centering distal 2 inches D. Internally rotate the femur to visualize the lesser trochanter in profile
Bring centering proximal 2 inches
Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate structure number 6 seen in Figure 7-7? A. PA projection B. Lateral projection C. AP external oblique D. AP internal oblique
Lateral projection
Which projection should be performed and evaluated prior to performing a Settegast projection for trauma?
Lateral projection
What is the name of the structure indicated as number 5 in Figure 7-7?
Olecranon fossa
Consider an upright right lateral humerus projection of a patient who has been injured and insists on supporting their affected side with their contralateral hand to alleviate the pain. Which of the following methods would be best for the radiographer to use? A. Patient standing with the posterior surface of the shoulder of the affected side against the wall Bucky and rotating the affected arm medially to place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR B. Patient standing with the lateral surface of the shoulder of the affected side against the wall Bucky and rotating the affected arm medially to place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR C. Patient standing with the anterior surface of the shoulder of the unaffected arm against the wall Bucky and rotating the affected arm laterally to place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR D. Patient standing with their body in the lateral position against the wall Bucky with the affected humerus closest to the IR but with no manipulation of the arm
Patient standing with the lateral surface of the shoulder of the affected side against the wall Bucky and rotating the affected arm medially to place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR
When performing the lateral humerus with the mediolateral projection, which of the following does not apply? A. Position patient with back toward IR B. Oblique the patient 20-30°° to bring humerus in contact with IR C. Center CR to midpoint of humerus D. Flex elbow to position epicondyles perpendicular to IR
Position patient with back toward IR
When performing the lateral humerus with the mediolateral projection, which of the following does not apply? A. Position patient with back toward IR B.Oblique the patient 20-30°° to bring humerus in contact with IR C. Center CR to midpoint of humerus D. Flex elbow to position epicondyles perpendicular to IR
Position patient with back toward IR
