2.6 inorganic compounds include water, salts, and many acids and bases
ammonia (NH3)
a common waste product of protein breakdown; is a base
hydrogen ions
a hydrogen atom minus its electron and therefore carrying a positive charge
bases
a substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor
proton donor
a substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; an acid
acids
a substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution; proton donor
proton acceptor
a substance that takes up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts. commonly referred to a base
high heat capacity
ability to absorb and release heat with little temperature change, prevents sudden change in temperature
strong acids
acids that dissociate completely and irreversibly in water
weak acids
acids that do not dissociate completely
organic compounds
any compound composed of atoms (some of which are carbon) held together by covalent (shared electrons) bonds.
base abundant in blood
bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
buffers
chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions
inorganic compounds
chemical substances that do not contain carbon including water, salts, and many acids and bases
electrolyte
chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electric current
carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
chemical system that helps maintain pH homeostasis of the blood
neutralization reaction
displacement reaction in which mixing an acid and base forms water and a salt
strong bases
dissociate easily in water and quickly tie up to H+
polar solvent properties
dissolves and dissociates ionic substances, forms hydration layers around large charges molecules, body's major transport medium
high heat of vaporization
evaporation requires large amounts of heat, useful cooling mechanism
water properties
high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning
layers of water molecules
hydration layers
salt
ionic compound containing cations other than H+ anions other than the hydroxyl (OH-)
weak base
ionizes incompletely and reversibly
reactivity
necessary part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions
cushioning
protects certain organs from physical trauma
pH units
the measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution
biochemistry
the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter
most abundant and inorganic compound, 60-80%of the volume of living cells
water
