2.6 inorganic compounds include water, salts, and many acids and bases

ammonia (NH3)

a common waste product of protein breakdown; is a base

hydrogen ions

a hydrogen atom minus its electron and therefore carrying a positive charge

bases

a substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor

proton donor

a substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; an acid

acids

a substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution; proton donor

proton acceptor

a substance that takes up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts. commonly referred to a base

high heat capacity

ability to absorb and release heat with little temperature change, prevents sudden change in temperature

strong acids

acids that dissociate completely and irreversibly in water

weak acids

acids that do not dissociate completely

organic compounds

any compound composed of atoms (some of which are carbon) held together by covalent (shared electrons) bonds.

base abundant in blood

bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

buffers

chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions

inorganic compounds

chemical substances that do not contain carbon including water, salts, and many acids and bases

electrolyte

chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electric current

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

chemical system that helps maintain pH homeostasis of the blood

neutralization reaction

displacement reaction in which mixing an acid and base forms water and a salt

strong bases

dissociate easily in water and quickly tie up to H+

polar solvent properties

dissolves and dissociates ionic substances, forms hydration layers around large charges molecules, body's major transport medium

high heat of vaporization

evaporation requires large amounts of heat, useful cooling mechanism

water properties

high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning

layers of water molecules

hydration layers

salt

ionic compound containing cations other than H+ anions other than the hydroxyl (OH-)

weak base

ionizes incompletely and reversibly

reactivity

necessary part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions

cushioning

protects certain organs from physical trauma

pH units

the measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

biochemistry

the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter

most abundant and inorganic compound, 60-80%of the volume of living cells

water