28: reproductive system
how many tetrads form during synapsis
23
secondary spermatocytes each contain
23 chromosomes
a typical ejaculation releases approximately ____ sperm
250 million
the average length of the menstural cycle is
28 days
the ductus deferens is approximately __ cm long
40-45
the broad ligament is
an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
interstitial cells produce
androgens
interstitial cells
are also called leydig cells, respond to luteinizing hormones, produce testosterone, and are located between seminiferous tubules
nurse cells
are found in the seminiferous tubules, form the blood-testis barrier, coordinates spermatogenesis, and secretes the hormone inhibin
the pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the
areola
a boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely that he will
be sterile
which of the following can be found inside the spermatic cord
blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and ductus deferens
which of the following muscles move the testes toward the body
both the cremaster and the dartos muscles
the small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the
bulbo-urethral glands
scarring of the rete testis would interfere with the man's ability to
deliver spermatozoa to the epididymis
the organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
ductus deferens
spermatozoa are functionally matured within the
epididymis
that organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the
epididymis
arrange the structures into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
a rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for
follicle maturation
a primary spermatocyte matures into ____ spermatids having ____ chromosomes
four; 23
the urethral meatus is an opening in the
glans penis
the reproductive system includes
gonads and external genitalia, ducts that receive and transport the gametes, accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids, and organs for copulation
where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa
in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct
a male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone on a daily basis. after 3 weeks which of the following would you expect to observe
increased sex drive, decreased levels of GnRH, decreased levels of LH and FSH, and increased muscle mass
the role of FSH in males is to
inititate sperm production in the testes
testosterone is secreted by the
interstitial cells
the clitoris
is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males, engorges with blood during sexual arousal, is topped by a small erectile glans, contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis
fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestbule are the
labia majora
the round ligament extends from the
lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia
inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into
lobules
all of the following are true of the vagina, except that it
loses a portion of its lining during menses
the special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
meiosis
the thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
myometrium
which of the following occurs after a spermatogonium completes cell division
one daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
the surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
ovulation
the organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the
penis
sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by
peristaltic contractions
the fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the
prepuce
the reproductive system
produces gametes, stores gametes, transports gametes, and nourishes gametes
the organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the
seminal gland [seminal vesicle]
which of the following glands secretes fructose to nourish the sperm
seminal gland [seminal vesicle]
sperm production occurs in the
seminiferous tubules
when spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called
spermatocytes
semen contains all of the following except
spermatogonia
sperm develop from stem cells called
spermatogonia
the process of spermiogenesis produces
spermatozoa
during meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ____ to form a ____
synapsis; tetrad
contraction of the cremaster muscles
tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity
during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
the fertilized ovum implants, progesterone levels are high, endometrial glands enlarge, and the corpus luteum is formed
during the proliferative phase of the menstraul cycle
the functional zone of the endometrium is restored
in a mature human spermatozoan
the head contains 23 chromosomes
the uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is
the menses
during the menses
the old functional layer is sloughed off
contraction of the dartos muscle
tightens the scrotal sac
the dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the
tunica albuginea
the delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the
tunica vaginalis
the male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following
urinary
the organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the
uterine tube
the organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the
uterus
the vulva includes all of the following, except the
vagina
the space bounded by the labia minora is the
vestibule
if the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen
with a higher than normal pH
the pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is
LH
each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that
about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty
the spermatic cord is
a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis
the vagina is
a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia
the inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the
cervix
which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium
consists of a functional zone and a basilar zone
the paired erectile bodies in the penis are the
corpora cavernosa
the erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the
corpus spongiosum
functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except
production of spermatozoa
menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of
progesterone
the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is
progesterone
the organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the
prostate gland
the external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the
raphe
straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a network of passageways called the
rete testis
the cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called
secondary spermatocytes
testicular nurse cells function in all of the following ways except that they dont
secrete progesterone-binding protein
the nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except that they
secrete testosterone