28: reproductive system

how many tetrads form during synapsis

23

secondary spermatocytes each contain

23 chromosomes

a typical ejaculation releases approximately ____ sperm

250 million

the average length of the menstural cycle is

28 days

the ductus deferens is approximately __ cm long

40-45

the broad ligament is

an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus

interstitial cells produce

androgens

interstitial cells

are also called leydig cells, respond to luteinizing hormones, produce testosterone, and are located between seminiferous tubules

nurse cells

are found in the seminiferous tubules, form the blood-testis barrier, coordinates spermatogenesis, and secretes the hormone inhibin

the pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the

areola

a boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely that he will

be sterile

which of the following can be found inside the spermatic cord

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and ductus deferens

which of the following muscles move the testes toward the body

both the cremaster and the dartos muscles

the small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the

bulbo-urethral glands

scarring of the rete testis would interfere with the man's ability to

deliver spermatozoa to the epididymis

the organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

ductus deferens

spermatozoa are functionally matured within the

epididymis

that organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the

epididymis

arrange the structures into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

a rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for

follicle maturation

a primary spermatocyte matures into ____ spermatids having ____ chromosomes

four; 23

the urethral meatus is an opening in the

glans penis

the reproductive system includes

gonads and external genitalia, ducts that receive and transport the gametes, accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids, and organs for copulation

where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa

in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct

a male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone on a daily basis. after 3 weeks which of the following would you expect to observe

increased sex drive, decreased levels of GnRH, decreased levels of LH and FSH, and increased muscle mass

the role of FSH in males is to

inititate sperm production in the testes

testosterone is secreted by the

interstitial cells

the clitoris

is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males, engorges with blood during sexual arousal, is topped by a small erectile glans, contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis

fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestbule are the

labia majora

the round ligament extends from the

lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia

inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into

lobules

all of the following are true of the vagina, except that it

loses a portion of its lining during menses

the special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

meiosis

the thick muscular layer of the uterus is the

myometrium

which of the following occurs after a spermatogonium completes cell division

one daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

the surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

ovulation

the organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the

penis

sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by

peristaltic contractions

the fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the

prepuce

the reproductive system

produces gametes, stores gametes, transports gametes, and nourishes gametes

the organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the

seminal gland [seminal vesicle]

which of the following glands secretes fructose to nourish the sperm

seminal gland [seminal vesicle]

sperm production occurs in the

seminiferous tubules

when spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called

spermatocytes

semen contains all of the following except

spermatogonia

sperm develop from stem cells called

spermatogonia

the process of spermiogenesis produces

spermatozoa

during meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ____ to form a ____

synapsis; tetrad

contraction of the cremaster muscles

tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity

during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

the fertilized ovum implants, progesterone levels are high, endometrial glands enlarge, and the corpus luteum is formed

during the proliferative phase of the menstraul cycle

the functional zone of the endometrium is restored

in a mature human spermatozoan

the head contains 23 chromosomes

the uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is

the menses

during the menses

the old functional layer is sloughed off

contraction of the dartos muscle

tightens the scrotal sac

the dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the

tunica albuginea

the delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the

tunica vaginalis

the male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following

urinary

the organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

uterine tube

the organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the

uterus

the vulva includes all of the following, except the

vagina

the space bounded by the labia minora is the

vestibule

if the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen

with a higher than normal pH

the pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is

LH

each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that

about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty

the spermatic cord is

a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis

the vagina is

a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia

the inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the

cervix

which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium

consists of a functional zone and a basilar zone

the paired erectile bodies in the penis are the

corpora cavernosa

the erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

corpus spongiosum

functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except

production of spermatozoa

menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of

progesterone

the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

progesterone

the organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the

prostate gland

the external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the

raphe

straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a network of passageways called the

rete testis

the cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called

secondary spermatocytes

testicular nurse cells function in all of the following ways except that they dont

secrete progesterone-binding protein

the nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except that they

secrete testosterone