29CFR 1926 OSHA
(c) Criteria for supported scaffolds
(1) Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows. (2) Supported scaffold, poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation.
(g) Hazardous atmospheres
(1) Testing and controls. (i) Where oxygen deficiency (atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen) or a hazardous atmosphere exists or could reasonably be expected to exist, such as in excavations in landfill areas or excavations in areas where hazardous substances are stored nearby, the atmospheres in the excavation shall be tested before employees enter excavations greater than 4 feet in depth.
(f) Warning line systems
(1) The warning line shall be erected around all side of the roof work area. (i) When mechanical equipment is not being used, the warning line shall be erected not less than 6 feet from the roof edge. (ii) When mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line shall be erected not less than 6 feet from the roof edge which is parallel to the direction of mechanical equipment operation, and not less than 10 feet from the roof edge which is perpendicular to the direction of mechanical equipment operation. (2) Warning lines shall consist of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions erected as follows: (i) The rope, wire, or chain shall be flagged at not more than 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material. The rope, wire, or chain shall be rigged and supported in such a way that its lowest point (including sag) is no less than 34 inches from the walking/working surface and its highest point is no more than 39 inches from the walking/working surface;
(g) Fall protection
(1)(ii) Each employee on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and guardrail system. (3) In addition to meeting the requirements of §1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. (i) When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. (ii) When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members or the scaffold or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. Horizontal lifelines shall not be attached only to the suspension ropes.
(c) Safety net systems. Safety net systems and their use shall comply with the following provisions:
(1)Safety nets shall be installed as close as practicable under the walking/working surface on which employees are working, but in no case more than 30 feet below such level. When nets are used on bridges, the potential fall area from the walking/working surface to the net shall be unobstructed. (2)Safety nets shall extend outward from the outermost project of the work surface as follows: (Highlight the table) (3)Safety nets shall be installed with sufficient clearance under them to prevent contact with the surface or structures below when subjected to an impact force equal to the drop test specified in paragraph (c)(4) of this section. (4)Safety nets and their installations shall be capable of absorbing an impact force equal to that produced by the drop test specified in paragraph (c) (4) of this section. (i) The drop-test shall consist of a 400 pound bag of sand 30 ± 2 inches in diameter dropped into the net from the highest walking/working surface at which employees are exposed to fall hazards, but not from less than 42 inches above that level.
(d) Criteria for suspension scaffolds
(10) Ropes shall be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each work shift and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: (i) Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. (ii) Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drums(s) or sheave(s). (iii) Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. (iv) Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. (v)Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contract with electrical wires. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope.
(j) Protection of employees from loose rock or soil
(2) Employees shall be protected from excavated or other materials or equipment that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling into excavations. Protection shall be provided by placing and keeping such materials or equipment at least 2 feet from the edge of excavations...
(h) Protection from hazards associated with water accumulation
(2) If water is controlled or prevented from accumulating by the use of water removal equipment, the water removal equipment and operations shall be monitored by a competent person to ensure proper operation.
(h) Falling object protection
(2) Where there is danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking employees below, the following provisions apply: (ii) A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1 1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards. (4) Where used, toeboards shall be: (ii) At least three and one-half inches high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface.
(e) Access
(3) Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (iii) When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum vertical intervals.
§1926.102 Eye and face protection
(3) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards wears eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design, or wears eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses without disturbing the proper position of the prescription lenses or the protective lenses.
§ 1926.650 Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart
(b) Definitions applicable to this subpart. Kickout means the accidental release or failure of a cross brace.
§ 1926.21 Safety Training and Education
(b) Employer responsibility. (2) The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury.
(f) Use
(6) The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any other conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows: Highlight the Tables titled Insulated Lines and Uninsulated lines for clearance from power lines. Exception to paragraph (f)(6). Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified above where such clearance is necessary for performance of work, and only after the utility company, or electrical system operator has been notified of the need to work closer and the utility company or electrical system operator, has de-energized the lines, relocated the lines or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. (7) Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. (8) Employees shall be prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material except as necessary for removal of such materials. (12) Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens.
(d) Personal fall arrest system
(6) Unless the snaphook is a locking type and designed for the following connections, snaphooks shall not be engaged: (i) directly to webbing, rope or wire rope; (ii) to each other; (iii) to a Dee-ring to which another snaphook or other connector is attached; (iv) to a horizontal lifeline; or (v) to any object which is incompatibly shaped or dimensioned in relation to the snaphook such that unintentional disengagement could occur by the connected object being able to depress the snaphook keeper and release itself. (9) Lanyards and vertical lifelines shall have a minimum bearing strength of 5,000 pounds. (10) (i) Except as provided in paragraph (d) (10) (ii) of this section, when vertical lifelines are used, each employee shall be attached to a separate lifeline. (ii) During the construction of elevator shafts, two employees may be attached to the same lifeline in the hoistway, provided both employees are working atop a false car that is equipped with guardrails; the strength of the lifeline is 10,000 pounds; and all other criteria specified in this paragraph for lifelines has been met. (15) Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds per employee attached, or shall be designed, installed, and used as follows: (1) as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two; and (ii) under the supervision of a qualified person. (17) The attachment point of the body harness shall be located in the center of the wearer's back near shoulder level, or above the wearer's head. (21) Personal fall arrest systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage and other deterioration, and defective components shall be removed from service.
a) Protection from falling objects
(7) During the performance of roofing work: (i) Materials and equipment shall not be stored within 6 feet of a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge. (k) Fall protection plan. This option is available only to employees engaged in leading edge work, precast concrete erection, or residential construction work, and who can demonstrate that it is infeasible or it creates a greater hazard to use conventional fall protection equipment. The fall projection plan must conform to the following provisions. (1)The fall protection plan shall be prepared by a qualified person and developed specifically for the site where the leading edge work, precast concrete work, or residential construction work is being performed and the plan must be maintained up to date.
§ 1926.1051 General Requirements
(a) A stairway or ladder shall be provided at all personnel points of access where there is a break in elevation of 19 inches or more, and no ramp, runway, sloped embankment, or personnel hoist is provided.
§ 1904.33 Retention and Updating
(a) Basic requirement. You must save the OSHA 300 Log, the privacy case list (if one exists), the annual summary, and the OSHA 301 Incident Report forms for five (5) years following the end of the calendar year that these records cover.
§ 1926.450 Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart
(a) Definitions. Bearer (putlog) means a horizontal transverse scaffold member (which may be supported by ledgers or runners) upon which the scaffold platform rests and which joins scaffold uprights, posts, poles, and similar members. Catenary scaffold means a suspension scaffold consisting of a platform supported by brackets attached to structural members of a building or other structure. Additional support may be provided by vertical pickups. Runner (ledger or ribbon) means the lengthwise horizontal spacing or bracing member which may support the bearers.
§ 1926.251 Rigging equipment for material handling
(a) General. (1) Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service. (6) Inspections. Each day before being used, the sling and all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for damage or defects by a competent person designated by the employer. Additional inspections shall be performed during sling use where service conditions warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from service.
§1926.452 Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds
(a) Pole scaffolds. (6) Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edges of runners. (m) Crawling Boards (chicken ladders) (1) Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair or maintenance. (2) Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by ridge hooks or by means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength and durability). (w) Mobile Scaffolds (2) Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner.
§ 1926.351 Arc welding and cutting
(d) Operating Instructions (3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting machine is to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (e) Shielding. Whenever practicable, all arc welding and cutting operations shall be shielded by noncombustible or flameproof screens which will protect employees and other persons working in the vicinity from the direct rays of the arc.
§ 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems
(a) Protection of employees in excavations. (1) Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: (i) Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or (ii) Excavations are less than 5 feet in depth and examination of the ground by a competent person provides no indication of a potential cave-in. (c) Design of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems. (2) Option (2) - Designs Using Manufacturer's Tabulated Data. (iii) Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. After that time this data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. (4) Option (4) - Design by a registered professional engineer. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. After that time, the design may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the design shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. (g) Shield systems. (2) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations. Excavations of earth material to a level not greater than 2 feet below the bottom of a shield shall be permitted, but only if the shield is designed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench, and there are no indications while the trench is open of a possible loss of soil from behind or below the bottom of the shield.
§ 1926.35 Employee emergency action plans
(a) Scope and application. This section applies to all emergency action plans required by a particular OSHA standard. The emergency action plan shall be in writing (except as provided in the last sentence of paragraph (e) (3) of this section) and shall cover those designated actions employers and employees must take to ensure employee safety from fire and other emergencies. (e)(3) For those employers with 10 or fewer employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the employer need not maintain a written plan.
§1926.503 Training requirements
(a) Training program. (1)The employer shall assure that each employee has been trained, as necessary, by a competent person qualified in the following areas: (i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area; (ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used; (iii) The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, and other protection to be used; (iv) The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system when this system is used; (v)The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs; (vii) The role of employees in fall protection plans; (viii) The standards contained in this subpart. (b) Certification of training. (1) The employer shall verify compliance with paragraph (a) of this section by preparing a written certification record. The written certification record shall contain the name or other identity of the employee trained, the date(s) of the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training or the signature of the employer. If the employer relies on training conducted by another employer or completed prior to the effective date of this section, the certification record shall indicate the date the employer determined the prior training was adequate than the date of actual training.
§ 1926.350 Gas welding and cutting
(a) Transporting, moving and storing compressed gas cylinders. (3) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. (5) Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water shall be used to thaw cylinders loose. (10) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour. (d) Use of fuel gas (1) Before a regulator to a cylinder valve is connected, the valve shall be opened slightly and closed immediately. (This action is generally termed "cracking" and is intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulator.) (2) For quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened more than 1 1/2 turns. When a special wrench is required, it shall be left in position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. (f) Hose. (2) When parallel sections of oxygen and fuel gas hose are taped together, not more than 4 inches out of 12 inches shall be covered by tape. (3) All hose in use, carrying acetylene, oxygen, natural or manufactured fuel gas , or any gas or substance which may ignite or enter into combustion, or be in any way harmful to employees, shall be inspected at the beginning of each working shift. Defective hose shall be removed from service. (4) Hose which has been subject to flashback, or which shows evidence of severe wear or damage, shall be tested to twice the normal pressure to which it is subject, but in no case less than 300 p.s.i. Defective hose, or hose in doubtful condition shall not be used. (i) Oil and grease hazards. Oxygen cylinders and fittings shall be kept away from oil or grease. Cylinders, cylinder caps and valves, coupling, regulators, hose and apparatus shall be kept free from oil or greasy substances and shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. Oxygen shall not be directed at oily surfaces, greasy clothes, or within a fuel oil or other storage tank or vessel.
§ 1926.1053 Ladders
(a) Use. (1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder rails shall extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access. (5) (i) Non-self-supporting ladders shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working length of the ladder.
§ 1926.352 Fire Prevention
(a) When practical, objects to be welded, cut, or heated shall be moved to a designated safe location or, if the objects to be welded, cut or heated cannot be readily moved, all movable fire hazards in the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place or otherwise protected.
§ 1926.252 Disposal of waste materials
(a) Whenever materials are dropped more than 20 feet to any point outside the exterior walls of the building, an enclosed chute of wood or equivalent material, shall be used. (b) When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above.
§ 1926.651 Specific Excavation Requirements
(b) Access and Egress (2) Means of egress from trench excavations. A stairway, ladder or ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are 4 feet or more in depth so as to require no more than 25 feet of lateral travel for employees.
§1926.154 Temporary Heating Devices
(b) Clearance and mounting. Highlight Table F-4 and underline "(inches)" (3) Heaters used in the vicinity of combustible tarpaulins, canvas, or other similar coverings shall be located at least 10 feet from the coverings.
§1926.300 General Requirements
(b) Guarding. (1) When power operated tools are designed to accommodate guards, they shall be equipped with such guards when in use. (4) Point of operation guarding. (iv) The following are some of the machines which usually require point of operation guarding. [a] Guillotine cutters. [fl Power saws. [b] Shears. [g] Jointers. [c] Alligator shears. [h] Portable power tools. [d] Power presses. [i] Forming rolls and calendars [e] Milling machines (d) Switches. (1) All hand-held powered platen sanders, grinders with wheels 2-inch diameter or less, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, scroll saws, and jigsaws with blade shanks one-fourth of an inch wide or less may be equipped with only a positive "on-off' control. (2) All hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter, disc sanders, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber saws, and other similar operating powered tools shall be equipped with a momentary contact "on-off' control and may have single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on. (3) All other hand-held powered tools, such as circular saws, chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means, shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch that will shut off the power when the pressure is released.
§1926.502 Fail protection systems criteria and practices
(b) Guardrail systems. Guardrail systems and their use shall comply with the following provisions: (1) Top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, shall be 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches above the walking/working level. (2) Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural members shall be installed between the tip edge of the guardrail system and the walking/working surface when there is no wall or parapet wall at least 21 inches high. (9) Top rails and midrails shall be at least one-quarter inch nominal diameter or thickness to prevent cuts and lacerations. If wire rope is used for top rails, it shall be flagged at not more than 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material. (15) Manila, plastic or synthetic rope being used for top rails or midrails shall be inspected as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
§ 1926.250 General requirements for storage.
(b) Material storage. (1) Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within 10 feet of any exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material stored. (8) Lumber. (i) Used lumber shall have nails withdrawn before stacking. (ii) Lumber shall be stacked on level and solidly supported sills. (iii) Lumber shall be stacked as to be stable and self-supporting. (iv) Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 feet in height provided that lumber to be handled manually shall not be stacked more than 16 feet high.
§1926.302 Power-operated hand tools
(b) Pneumatic power tools. (1) Compressed air shall not be used for cleaning purposes except where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. and then only with effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment which meets the requirements of Subpart E of this part. (e) Powder-actuated tools. (1) Only employees who have been trained in the operation of the particular tool in use shall be allowed to operate a powder-actuated tool.
§ 1926.451 General requirements
(b) Scaffold platform construction. (2) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(I) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each scaffold platform and walkway shall be at least 18 inches wide. (ii) Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. Except as provided for in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work unless guardrails are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. (5)(i) Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. (ii) Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. (7) On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap shall occur only over supports, and shall not be less than 12 inches unless the platforms are nailed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement. (9) Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. (10) Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user.
§1926.501 Duty to have fall protection
(b)(1) Unprotected sides and edges. Each employee on a walking/ working surface with an unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet or more above a lower level shall be protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety net systems or personal fall arrest systems. (3) Hoist areas. Each employee in a hoist area shall be protected from falling 6 feet or more to lower levels by guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems. If guardrail systems, [or chain, gate, or guardrail] or portions thereof, are removed to facilitate the hoisting operation (e.g. during landing of materials), and an employee must lean through the access opening or out over the edge of the access opening (to receive or guide equipment and materials, for example), that employee shall be protected from fall hazards by a personal fall arrest system. (4) Holes. (i) Each employee on walking/working surfaces shall be protected from falling through holes (including skylights) more than 6 feet above lower levels, by personal fall arrest systems, covers or guardrail systems erected around such holes. (ii) Each employee on a walking/working surface shall be protected from tripping in or stepping into or through holes (including skylights) by covers. (iii) Each employee on a walking/working surface shall be protected from objects falling through holes (including skylights) by covers. (9) Overhand bricklaying and related work. (ii) Each employee reaching more than 10 inches below the level of the walking/working surface on which they are working shall be protected by a guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system. (14) Wall openings. Each employee working on, at, above, or near wall openings (including those with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is 6 feet or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches above the walking/working surface, shall be protected from falling by the use of a guardrail system, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system.
§ 1926.25 Housekeeping
(c) Containers shall be provided for the collection and separation of waste, trash, oily and used rags, and other refuse. Containers used for garbage, and other oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc. shall be equipped with covers. Garbage and other waste shall be disposed of at frequent and regular intervals.
§ 1926.50 Medical services and first aid
(c) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which is available for treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in first-aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence, shall be available at the worksite to render first aid. (e) Proper equipment for prompt transportation of the injured person to a physician or hospital, or a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service, shall be provided. (g) Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use.
(4) Guardrail Systems
(ii) The top edge of top rails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches and 45 inches above the platform surface. (vi) When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches apart.
Personal fall arrest system
A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.
(I) Covers
Covers for holes in floors, roofs, and other walking/working surfaces shall meet the following requirements: (1)Covers located in roadways and vehicular aisles shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least twice the maximum axle load of the largest vehicle expected to cross over the cover. (2)All other covers shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least twice the weight of employees, equipment, and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time. (3)All covers shall be secured when installed so as to prevent accidental displacement by the wind, equipment, or employees. All covers shall be color coded or they shall be marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER" to provide warning of the hazard.
1926 Subpart M Appendix A
Determining roof widths - (1) Example A shows that on a simple rectangular roof, width is the lesser of the two primary overall dimensions.
§ 1926.23 First aid and medical attention
First aid services and provisions for medical care shall be made available by the employer for every employee covered by these regulations.
Stable rock
Means natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while exposed.
Maximum Allowable Slope
Means the steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins, and is expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical rise (H:V). (Note: May also be referred to as the "Angle of Repose.") (b) Requirements. (2) Maximum allowable slope. The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix. (Note: Be sure to highlight Table B-1. Cross out the words, "Less than" at the top of the right hand column of the table. This table goes up to and includes 20' depths). From Table B-1, highlight footnote 3. Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 20 feet deep shall be designed by a registered professional engineer.
