2nd semester infection

A patient is having a TB skin test wants to know when the test results will be available. The nurse would tell the patient that

48-72 hours

A 17-year-old girl with spina bifida is helping her mother prepare for her younger brothers birthday party. After blowing up a balloon the girl develops erythema and itching around her mouth this is likely due to which of the following?

A latex allergy

The nurse is educating a patient with allergic rhinitis about how the condition is induced. What should the nurse include in education on this topic

Airborne pollens and molds

A patient taking oral penicillin reports he has a sore mouth. On inspection nurse notes a black furry tongue and bright red oral membranes. The primary care physician is notified immediately because these are symptoms that may be caused by what

An allergic reaction

The parents of an eight year old express frustration because their child has frequent outbreaks of impetigo. The nurse assessing the need for additional teaching. Which of the following statements by a parent would indicate they need further teaching

Antibiotic treatment isn't necessary because the infection is self-limited

The nurse is interviewing a patient being admitted to the hospital and inquires about any allergies the patient may have. The patient states he is allergic to aspirin and penicillin. What intervention should the nurse provide immediately to prevent complications related to allergies.

Applying allergy bracelet, flag the chart

The nurse is working on a gerontology unit. A family member calls and tells the nurse they want to bring the family in to see one of the patients on the unit. The family member is concerned because several of the family members have colds. What instruction should you give the family

Avoid visiting older adults until you are feeling well

A nurse on the unit sustains a needle stick injury while caring for a patient who infectious status is unknown. What would be the best course of action for the nurse to follow.

Be tested for disease antibodies at appropriate intervals Have the lab draw the patient's blood and send it out for testing

A patient with AIDS comes to the clinic reporting difficulty swallowing. The patient says it hurts so much when I swallow. Inspection reveals creamy white patches in the patient's mouth. What will the nurse suspect

Candidiasis

Which of the following would be considered a mechanical defense mechanism

Coughing

When a patient is instructed not to take a drug with dairy products, what else can the patient drink when following the medication

Cranberry juice

The nurse has admitted a new patient onto the unit. The patient has an open draining sore on his leg. What diagnostic test with the nurse anticipate being ordered

Culture and sensitivity

A patient is hospitalized for an infective decubious ulcer of the sacral area. The physician is planning to remove the dead and damage tissue. What type of procedure will the nurse prepare the patients for

Debridement

The process of phagocytosis involves

Digestion of microbes by WBC's

A high school student is brought to the doctors office by her mother because the teenage girl is listless and tired all the time. A diagnosis is made of an infectious mononucleosis. When the student asked the nurse to explain how the disease was acquired, the nurse correctly responds with the virus causing this disease is transmitted by which route

Direct contact with an infected person or drinking glasses used by that person

The nurse is conducting an assessment on a patient that has acute irritant contact dermatitis. What s/s would the nurse expect to see upon assessment

Edema and redness

A nurse is providing information on food allergies to a group of teachers. What food item would the nurse inform the teachers or common allergies

Eggs and nuts

During visiting hours, the nurse observes the sister of a critically ill patient coughing violently in the hallway. After blowing her nose, she says I have a touch of the flu. Which nursing intervention is the best choice for you to do

Explain why the sister should not visit the patient until she is over the flu

A patient is admitted with severe dehydration related to diarrhea. The patient was hiking in the mountains during a camping trip, and drink water from a mountain stream without purifying it. What does the nurse know is the most likely cause of this diarrhea

Gaurdia lamblia

The nurse is teaching a health floss in a local public health center. What instructions should the nurse provide as the single most important major to prevent the spread of infection

Hand washing

A patient develops gastrointestinal bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get aids. What is the best response by the nurse

I understand your concern, the blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV

You are caring for a patient who just returned from the post anesthesia care unit and rates current pain nine out of 10. Which of the following prescribed medications will provide the fastest relief from pain

IV route has the most rapid onset

A patient is admitted to the acute care unit with an infected leg. Which of the following is the part of the natural immune system that they all to protect the patient against infection

Intact skin

The nurse is preparing to administer the solution in the attached IV to the patient. Which of the following types of solution is the nurse going to administer

Isotonic

A patient informs the nurse that she has been using a douche to clean her vagina on a daily basis and now is experiencing itching and burning in the vaginal area. What should the nurse explain to the patient that occurs when vagina pH is changed

It causes destruction of the normal flora of the vagina and allows the development of vaginal infections

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis informs the nurse that since he has been in remission and not having any symptoms, he doesn't need to take his medication any longer. What is the best response by the nurse

It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation

Which term describes the time interval after primary infection when a micro organism lives within the host without producing clinical evidence

Latency

The nurse is observing a patient who is receiving sulfonamide for Stevens Johnson syndrome. The s/s are

Lesions on the skin or mucous membranes

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of difficulty breathing and feeling strange after eating a shrimp cocktail the patient is leaning forward with a respiratory rate of 36 bpm. The nurse suspects anaphylaxis. What is the nurses priority

Maintain an open airway

A patient in the ER is diagnosed with a commutable disease. When complication of the disease are discovered, the client is admitted to the hospital and placed in respiratory isolation. Which infection warrants airborne isolation

Measles, TB

The six elements necessary for infection including a causative organism. a reservoir of available organisms, a portal or mode of exit from the reservoir a mode of transmission from the reservoir to the host and susceptible host and?

Mode of entry into the host

A 16-year-old has come to the clinic and asked to talk to the nurse. The team states that she has become sexually active and is concerned about getting HIV. The teen asked the nurse what she can do to keep from getting HIV. What would be the best nurses response

Other than abstinence only the consistent and correct use of condoms is effective in preventing HIV

The ICU nurse is caring for a patient with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. The nurse knows that this type of encephalopathy is caused by what type of infectious agent

Prion

The nurse is caring for a healthy adult patient who developed a Gastro intestinal virus in the last 24 hours that has caused vomiting and diarrhea. And now has a diagnosis of dehydration. The nurse should know that the health care provider ordered to initiate IV therapy is given primarily for which reason

Replacement of electrolytes and replace fluid

A patient with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medication what class of drugs will the nurse instruct the client about

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A nurse is completing a nutritional status of a patient who has been admitted with AIDS- related complications.

Serum albumin level Weight history Body mass index Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level

A new nursing graduate is working at the hospital on the medical surgical unit. The preceptor observes the nurse emptying a patient's wound drain without gloves. What important information should the preceptor share with the new graduate about standard precaution?

Standard precaution should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission a blood-borne pathogens

A patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection has expressed to the nurse that he is motivated to learn as much about his disease as possible. The patient has heard and read about the role of a different T cell. But is unclear of their rules in the immune system. Which of the following roles of T cells should the nurse identify

Stimulating the immune system Secreting cytokines Directly attacking antigens Activating other T cells

It is important for a nurse to refer an HIV positive patient to support groups and resources because

Support groups and resources provide information about how new HIV drug development and clinical drug trials to patients

A 57-year-old patient goes to his physician for difficulty. The physician prescribes an oral antibiotic for the patient who has pro stasis. Which instructions by the nurse about the client antibiotic use is a priority

Take the medication until it is completely gone

The nurse is teaching a patient with HIV about therapy. Which elements are essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan.

The CD4 count is the major indicator of immune function and guides therapy. Antiretroviral therapy targets different stages of the HIV lifecycle

A family member of a patient in a long-term care facility asked the nurse why he cannot insert a catheter so that the patient will not develop skin breakdown from being wet. What should the explanation include when the nurse response to the family.

The invasive nature of the catheter provides a portal for infection

A patient with staphylococcus auroras infection presents in a sacral pressure ulcer has received a treatment with three courses of antibiotics without eliminating the infection. What does the nurse understand has occurred with this patient

The patient has MRSA Otherwise known as I multidrug - resistant strain a bacteria

A patient is admitted to the acute care facility for vomiting and diarrhea. An IV catheter is inserted for IV fluids. A family member is with the patient and observes the nurse enter the room and begin touching the IV without washing their hands or wearing gloves. Why should a client and family member be concerned with the nurses actions.

The patient will develop a healthcare associated infection

The nurse is caring for a patient with a stage four leg ulcer. The nurse is closely monitoring the patient for sepsis. What would indicate that sepsis has occurred and that the nurse should notify the physician immediately

The patient's heart rate is greater than 90 bpm and their blood pressure lowers

A nursing instructor is instructing on the infectious process. The instructor explains that older adults are more susceptible to serious infections because?

They can have less effective defense mechanisms than younger adults

The nurse is caring for a teenage girl who has had an anaphylactic reaction after being stung by a wasp. The nurse is providing patient teaching prior to the patient discharge. In the event of an anaphylactic reaction, the nurse informed the patient that she should self administer epinephrine in which site

Thigh

Nursing students are reviewing information about the infectious disease and events associated with infection. Students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify the incubation period as which of the following

Time between exposure, and onset of symptoms

The nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) ordered. That LVN is correct when informing the patient that TPN is used for what

To meet the patient's caloric and nutritional needs

A patient is admitted to an acute care facility with a diagnosis of appendicitis. Which laboratory results demonstrate the patient's Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBC) count of 22,000 cells