3 Branches of Government Review

Appeal

(judicial) when one party to a lawsuit requests a further hearing

Amnesty

(n.) a general pardon for an offense against a government; in general, any act of forgiveness or absolution

Legislative Branch

*CREATES or MAKES laws *Article I *Branch that has the power to DECLARE WAR *Branch that has the power to override a VETO with a 2/3 VOTE *Branch that has the power to approve of federal appointments - like Supreme Court Justices *Branch that has the power to create a FEDERAL BUDGET *535 members

Executive Branch

*ENFORCES or carries out laws *Article II*Branch that has the power to VETO a bill sent to it by CONGRESS because they want it to become a LAW *Branch that has the power to APPOINT federal JUDGES *Branch that has the power to LEAD the Armed Forces during a WAR *Branch that represents our nation in the world - they meet with leaders from other countries *35 years old *Natural Born Citizen *Resident for 14 years *Serves a 4 year term

Judicial Branch

*INTERPRETS laws *Branch that has the power to declare laws or actions by the government UNCONSTITUTIONAL *Article III *Serve for life *9 Justices *Consists of ALL the courts in the U.S. *Branch that has the power SENTENCE or decide the punishment for lawbreakers *Branch that has the power to SETTLE DISPUTES between STATES

Congress

*Main group within the LEGISLATIVE Branch *Collect taxes *Borrow Money *Declare War *Regulate Trade *Raise an Army *Impeach the president *Propose amendments

Senate

*Part of CONGRESS that each state is guaranteed TWO representatives *Must be 30 * Serves for 6 years *Leader is Vice President *Resident for 9 years *100 members total

House of Representatives

*Part of CONGRESS that has representation based on POPULATION *NC has 13 * Must be 25 *Resident for 7 years * Serves for 2 years *435 members

FIrst Continental congress

-55 delegates, Rhode island did not attend

Resolution

-A decision to do or not to do something

Quartering Act

-People had to keep soldiers in their homes -Replaced stamp act in 1765

Magna Carta

-Stated that King John had to respect certain basic rights

Bill of rights

-first 10 ammendments -Secures fundamental rightss

Political Philosophies/Policies

-protecting rights. Maintaining Democracy. Abiding by the constitution

Declaration of Independence

1776 philadelphia. LIberated colonies from british rule

Pardon

A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment

Impeachment

A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Unconstitutional

A law that is not agreeable with the constitution and is no longer valid

Bicameral

A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

Cloture

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate.

Bill

A proposal for a law

Reprieve

A respite; postponement of a sentence

Government

A system that governs and directs a society. The Regulation of public affairs.

Pocket Veto

A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.

Veto

A vote that blocks a decision

Habeas Corpus

A writ that requires a person under arrest to be brought before court. The secured right to trial by jury.

Cabinet

Advisors to the President

Jurisdiction

An area of authority or control; the right to administer justice.

Elastic Clause

Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution; one of the powers of Congress that allows them to make any laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out their other powers. Also called the "Necessary and Proper Clause"

Exclusive Jurisdiction

Authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases

Concurrent Jurisdiction

Authority shared by both federal and state courts

Petition of Rights

Certain rights and liberties that the king is unable to infringe on

Supremacy Clause

Clause stating that the constitution is the supreme law of the land

Assembly

Group of people with a common purpose.

President

Head of the EXECUTIVE Branch

Popular Sovereignty

Idea that POWER lies with the PEOPLE

Separation of Powers

Idea that PREVENTS one person or group from having too much CONTROL over the government

Checks and Balances

Idea that allows different branches of government to LIMIT the POWER of other branches of government

Separation of Powers

Idea that led to the Constitution creating the THREE BRANCHES of our government

Rule of Law

Idea that nobody is above the LAW

Social Contract

If citizens follow the law, the government will guarantee protection for their natural

Circuit Court

Intermediate federal appellate courts. Cover 13 "circuits" across America. Hear appeals from District Courts in their jurisdiction.

Supreme Court

Main group within the JUDICIAL Branch

Conservative

Minimal government involvement. People must work hard to make money. People are inherently selfish. Traditional Law

Anti-Fedralists

More State rights. Central government could be destructive.

Separation of Powers

PRINCIPLE that led to the creation of the THREE BRANCHES

Checks and Balances

PRINCIPLES that created the idea that each branch should have powers that LIMIT the powers of other BRANCHES

Self-Government

People can govern themselves. Minimal federal involvement.

Implied Powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Politics

Relating to governmental affairs

Sovereignty

Supremacy. A country that has independent authority and the power to set/enforce laws without being accountable to another party/ authority figure.

Rights of Englishmen

Traditional rights/ Civil protection. Rule of law, private property rights. Can be traced back to the Magna Carta, that protected people against government involvement

Legitimacy

acceptance of authority

natural rights

fundamental human rights that everyone is born with/ entitled to

Fedralism

large bounded government

Constituents

people a member of Congress represents

Expressed Powers

powers directly stated in the constitution

federalists

pro strong central government

Commerce

the buying and selling of goods

Compromise

to reach a consensus between two opposing sides

Secede

to withdraw alliance from ones own country