3.1-3.2
oxygen
A phosphate group is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its ________ atoms.
amino
A(n) _______ group is composed of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
carbonyl
A(n) _________ group contains CO.
carboxyl
A(n) _________ group contains COOH.
amino
A(n) _________ group contains NH₂.
hydroxyl
A(n) _________ group contains OH.
phosphate
A(n) __________ group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
phosphate
A(n) __________ group contains OPO₃²⁻.
base
An amino group acts as a(n) ______ by picking up an H⁺ from a solution.
carboxylic acids
Compounds with carboxyl groups are called __________.
organic phosphates
Compounds with phosphate groups are called _________ and are often involved in energy transfers.
isomers
Compounds with the same formula but different structures are called _________.
alcohols
Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called __________.
amines
Organic compounds with an amino group are called ________.
space filling
The __________ model is the most accurate, and it shows molecules as being three-dimensional.
ball and stick
The ___________ model indicates the angles of the molecule's covalent bonds.
hydroxyl
A _________ group consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of a molecule.
carbonyl
A _________ group is a carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom.
carboxyl
A __________ group consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
ketone
A compound whose carbonyl group is within a carbon chain is called a ________.
nonpolar
A general characteristic of all hydrocarbons is that they are _________ molecules.
polar
All of the functional groups are ________, because their oxygen or nitrogen atoms exert a strong pull on shared electrons.
proteins
Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.
carboxyl
Amino acids contain both a(n) _________ and an amino group.
4
Carbon completes its outer shell by sharing electrons with other atoms in _______ covalent bonds.
organic compounds
Carbon-based molecules are called __________.
aldehyde
If the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an _________.
structural formula
In a molecule of methane, the ___________ shows that covalent bonds link four hydrogen atoms to the carbon atom.
functional groups
In an organic molecule, the groups of atoms that usually participate in chemical reactions are called __________.
hydrocarbons
Methane and other compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called ___________.
sugars
_______ typically contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups.
H⁺
The carboxyl group acts as an acid by contributing an ____ to a solution and becoming ionized.
carbon skeleton
The chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule is called a __________.
hydrophilic
The polarity of functional groups makes the compounds containing these groups ___________.
adenosine triphosphate
Three phosphate groups are found in the energy compound ATP, or ______________.
hydrophilic
if a substance is water-loving, it is __________.
hydrophilic
if something is soluble in water, it is __________.