3.1-3.4
What is an accurate description of the Mantle?
- Semi Solid -Thickest layer
What percent is ground water?
29%, in aquifers and water table saturated
Describe the water cycle
Precipitation, Evaporation , Condensation
Albedo of the Earth
Reflectiveness of the Earth's different surfaces
Fresh surface water can be stored in?
Reservoirs
What concentric layer is semi solid?
The Mantle
Which concentric layer has the thickest layer?
The Mantle
What concentric layer is liquid/molten?
The Outer Core
What is an electron
The negatively charged part of an atom
The outer part of the geosphere is called the _____, which forms the land we live on as well as the ocean bottom
crust
The thin layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin both on dry land and in the ocean is called Earth's
crust
climate
due to the tilt of the Earth and its revolution around the sun
What is the hydrologic cycle?
evaporation-condensation-precipitation
Inputs into Earth's systems can include both _______ energy and ________ energy.
solar, geothermal
Exosphere
space, satellites
What is an accurate description of the Outer Core?
- liquid/molten Fe (Iron) - generates the electromagnetic field
What is an accurate description of the Crust?
-Solid - Tectonic plates -Oceanic & Continental
What is an accurate description of the Inner Core?
-Solid Fe (Iron) - Size of the moon
The total amount of "Total" fresh water is ____ and is found in ____
70%, Ice caps and Glaciers
_____ of the Earth is covered in water, but most is _____
70%, seawater
How much water on the earth is seawater?
97%
What materials make up Earth's geosphere?
All the living and once-living parts of the environment
What are the components of Earth's geosphere?
All the rock at or below Earth's surface
Give an example of how two of Earth's spheres overlap or interact
An earthworm (biosphere) tunnels through the soil (geosphere)
Fresh ground water is stored in ?
Aquifers and the water table
How does plate tectonics influence the characteristics of Earth's surface?
As plates move, they combine , sperate and recombine creating landforms and continents that affect soil and climate
What is the relationship between matter and atoms
Atoms are the basic units of matter
How are Earth's spheres defined?
By their function, makeup and location
What are the four types of Plate Boundaries?
Convergent boundary , Divergent boundary, Transforming boundary, Hot spots
What are the Geosphere's concentric layers?
Crust,Mantle, Outer Core and Inner core
Explain how macromolecules are involved in passing traits from parents to offspring
DNA and RNA
A human being is part of Earth's lithosphere
False, biosphere
Water molecules adhere to each other through covalent bonds
False, hydrogen
A solution with a Ph less than 7 is basic
False, it's acidic
How do greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere affect our environment?
Greenhouse gases trap heat and make our planet warm enough to live on
What are the 3 convection currents
Hadley's Cell, Ferrell's Cell, Polar Cell
in extreme cases, eutrophication can lad to extremely low levels of oxygen in a body of water as decomposers break down all the dead producers, a condition called
Hypoxia
Why is water often called "the universal solvent"?
It can dissolve many other molecules
Majority of fresh surface water is found in ?
Lakes, 87%
Why is water called "the universal solvent"
Most things dissolve in water
Is water an element? Why or why not?
No, it is a compound because it is made up of hydrogen and oxygen
Thermosphere
Northern lights, "Aurora Borealis"
What concentric layer contains Fe (Iron)?
Outer Core and Inner Core
Define ozone and explain its purpose
Ozone is O3, three oxygen molecules combined; the role is to protect our planet from UV radiation
Give two examples of substances that contain hydrocarbons
Petroleum products and wood smoke
Dewpoint
Point at which the atmosphere cannot hold any more water vapors, clouds start to form
Which plate boundary pertains to mountain building?
The Convergent Boundary
What concentric layers are solid?
The Crust and The inner core
Which plate boundary pertains to rifts, ridges & valley
The Divergent boundary
Which plate boundary has earthquakes?
The Transforming boundary , San Andreas
Why is Earth's biosphere called "the living Earth"?
The living things ( and the non-living things with which they interact) live only in this sphere, the biosphere
What is the biggest problem with our water?
The water supply is unevenly distributed
What are the Atmosphere layers?
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere
Its cohesion allows water to transport nutrient and wastes in plants and animals
True
The hydrosphere includes water in Earth's atmosphere
True
The lithosphere is part of the geosphere
True
during the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas is conveted to ammonia
True
How does water resist changes in temperature?
Water is able to absorb large amounts of energies
What is a divergent boundary?
When two plates move away from each other, moving apart -Rifts, Ridges & Valley
The lithosphere is carried on a softer, but still firm, layer of rock called the
asthenosphere
the outermost sphere
atmosphere
The basic units of matter, the smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of an element, are called
atoms
The sphere of the Earth that consists of all the planet's living or once-living things and the nonliving parts of the environment with which they interact is the _____
biosphere
what is the earths spheres?
biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere
systems doo not have well-defined ______, which makes it difficult to decide where on system ends and another begins
boundaries
what happens when you get too hot
brain seeks shade, sweats ; body cools
describe how organisms in the biosphere affect the atmosphere and vice versa
by taking in an expelling gases and the gasses in the atmosphere protect and support organisms in the biosphere
How can water be moved?
by using aqueducts or Irrigation
Coriolis Effect
caused by the spinning of the earth, moves the air in the atmosphere around
A change in state in which water returns to Earth's surface and changes from a vapor to a liquid is called
condensation
Earth's center is called the _______ and Is made up of molten and solid metals
core
an event that is both a cause and an effect is a cyclical process known as a ____________, and can be either positive or negative
feedback loop
list some of the common sources of phosphorus
fertilizer
The hydrosphere includes all water on Earth, including all forms of liquid, solid and _____
gas
the ______ is made up of all the rocks and minerals on or below earth's surface
geosphere
systems receive and process ________ energy, matter, or information, and produce of energy, matter or information
inputs & outputs
Earth's spheres both overlap and ____
interact
Give an example of each type of input into Earth's systems
it includes, energy, information, matter, solar energy, sensory cues, chemical/physical materials
What is an element
its properties cannot be broken down any further
What type of plant is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
legumes
predator prey are an example of a
lion and zebra, bear and fish
All of the following macromolecules are polymers EXCEPT
lipids
An earthworm tunneling through the soil is an example of the biosphere interacting with the _________
lithosphere
The outermost layer of Earth and the geosphere is known as the
lithosphere
Troposphere
lowest layer of earths atmosphere, unstable weather
Scientists divide Earth into spheres, which are often described by their _____ rather than by their location
make up
The hot rock beneath this layer is know as the _____ and includes the uppermost lithosphere as well as the softer _________
mantle , asthenosphere
All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called
matter
Systems may exchange energy, ________, and/or information with other systems.
matter
Mesosphere
meteors burn up in this layer
A predator-prey relationship in which the two populations rise and fall in response to each other is an example of a _____ feedback loop.
negative
___________ feedback loops enhance stability by canceling an action once it reaches an extreme
negative
contrast the two different types of feedback loops in terms of how they affect the stability of a system.
negative: stabilize systems by stopping an action once It reaches an extreme positive: move systems to an extreme and increases instability
what is the process of nitrogen fixation
nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia
the central core of every atom, containing particles called protons and neutron
nucleus
Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called
nutrients
Stratosphere
ozone layer, weather balloons
All of he following are part of carbohydrate EXCEPT
phosphorus
The three types of biogeochemical cycle
phosphorus , nitrogen and carbon
Erosion is an example of _______________ feedback loop.
positive
What is the term for organisms, including plants and algae, that create their own food
producer or autotroph
positive feedback loops are relatively _____ in nature but ______ in environmental systems that people have changed
rare, common
Earth's geosphere is made up of all the ___ at and below he surface of Earth
rocks
The characteristic that best defines a macromolecule is its
size
A _____ is a network of parts, elements, or components that interact and influence one another
system
As this layer moves, it drags large sections of lithosphere, called ____________, across Earth's surface
tectonic plates
compare negative feedback and positive feedback loops
they are both cyclical process in which an event is both input and output
what function does carbon dioxide play in Earth's atmosphere?
traps infared radiation heat
Water molecules are composed of
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
Describe the special properties of water that allow it to support life on earth
water sticks to itself , which it allows it to carry materials into plants and animals
What is a compound
water, for example
what happens when you get too cold
wear more clothes, shiver ; body warms
What is the Transforming Boundary ?
where plates slide passed each other -Earthquakes, San Andreas Fault
What is a convergent boundary?
where two plates come together, collide -Subduction Zones -mountain building