3.1-3.4

What is an accurate description of the Mantle?

- Semi Solid -Thickest layer

What percent is ground water?

29%, in aquifers and water table saturated

Describe the water cycle

Precipitation, Evaporation , Condensation

Albedo of the Earth

Reflectiveness of the Earth's different surfaces

Fresh surface water can be stored in?

Reservoirs

What concentric layer is semi solid?

The Mantle

Which concentric layer has the thickest layer?

The Mantle

What concentric layer is liquid/molten?

The Outer Core

What is an electron

The negatively charged part of an atom

The outer part of the geosphere is called the _____, which forms the land we live on as well as the ocean bottom

crust

The thin layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin both on dry land and in the ocean is called Earth's

crust

climate

due to the tilt of the Earth and its revolution around the sun

What is the hydrologic cycle?

evaporation-condensation-precipitation

Inputs into Earth's systems can include both _______ energy and ________ energy.

solar, geothermal

Exosphere

space, satellites

What is an accurate description of the Outer Core?

- liquid/molten Fe (Iron) - generates the electromagnetic field

What is an accurate description of the Crust?

-Solid - Tectonic plates -Oceanic & Continental

What is an accurate description of the Inner Core?

-Solid Fe (Iron) - Size of the moon

The total amount of "Total" fresh water is ____ and is found in ____

70%, Ice caps and Glaciers

_____ of the Earth is covered in water, but most is _____

70%, seawater

How much water on the earth is seawater?

97%

What materials make up Earth's geosphere?

All the living and once-living parts of the environment

What are the components of Earth's geosphere?

All the rock at or below Earth's surface

Give an example of how two of Earth's spheres overlap or interact

An earthworm (biosphere) tunnels through the soil (geosphere)

Fresh ground water is stored in ?

Aquifers and the water table

How does plate tectonics influence the characteristics of Earth's surface?

As plates move, they combine , sperate and recombine creating landforms and continents that affect soil and climate

What is the relationship between matter and atoms

Atoms are the basic units of matter

How are Earth's spheres defined?

By their function, makeup and location

What are the four types of Plate Boundaries?

Convergent boundary , Divergent boundary, Transforming boundary, Hot spots

What are the Geosphere's concentric layers?

Crust,Mantle, Outer Core and Inner core

Explain how macromolecules are involved in passing traits from parents to offspring

DNA and RNA

A human being is part of Earth's lithosphere

False, biosphere

Water molecules adhere to each other through covalent bonds

False, hydrogen

A solution with a Ph less than 7 is basic

False, it's acidic

How do greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere affect our environment?

Greenhouse gases trap heat and make our planet warm enough to live on

What are the 3 convection currents

Hadley's Cell, Ferrell's Cell, Polar Cell

in extreme cases, eutrophication can lad to extremely low levels of oxygen in a body of water as decomposers break down all the dead producers, a condition called

Hypoxia

Why is water often called "the universal solvent"?

It can dissolve many other molecules

Majority of fresh surface water is found in ?

Lakes, 87%

Why is water called "the universal solvent"

Most things dissolve in water

Is water an element? Why or why not?

No, it is a compound because it is made up of hydrogen and oxygen

Thermosphere

Northern lights, "Aurora Borealis"

What concentric layer contains Fe (Iron)?

Outer Core and Inner Core

Define ozone and explain its purpose

Ozone is O3, three oxygen molecules combined; the role is to protect our planet from UV radiation

Give two examples of substances that contain hydrocarbons

Petroleum products and wood smoke

Dewpoint

Point at which the atmosphere cannot hold any more water vapors, clouds start to form

Which plate boundary pertains to mountain building?

The Convergent Boundary

What concentric layers are solid?

The Crust and The inner core

Which plate boundary pertains to rifts, ridges & valley

The Divergent boundary

Which plate boundary has earthquakes?

The Transforming boundary , San Andreas

Why is Earth's biosphere called "the living Earth"?

The living things ( and the non-living things with which they interact) live only in this sphere, the biosphere

What is the biggest problem with our water?

The water supply is unevenly distributed

What are the Atmosphere layers?

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere

Its cohesion allows water to transport nutrient and wastes in plants and animals

True

The hydrosphere includes water in Earth's atmosphere

True

The lithosphere is part of the geosphere

True

during the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas is conveted to ammonia

True

How does water resist changes in temperature?

Water is able to absorb large amounts of energies

What is a divergent boundary?

When two plates move away from each other, moving apart -Rifts, Ridges & Valley

The lithosphere is carried on a softer, but still firm, layer of rock called the

asthenosphere

the outermost sphere

atmosphere

The basic units of matter, the smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of an element, are called

atoms

The sphere of the Earth that consists of all the planet's living or once-living things and the nonliving parts of the environment with which they interact is the _____

biosphere

what is the earths spheres?

biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere

systems doo not have well-defined ______, which makes it difficult to decide where on system ends and another begins

boundaries

what happens when you get too hot

brain seeks shade, sweats ; body cools

describe how organisms in the biosphere affect the atmosphere and vice versa

by taking in an expelling gases and the gasses in the atmosphere protect and support organisms in the biosphere

How can water be moved?

by using aqueducts or Irrigation

Coriolis Effect

caused by the spinning of the earth, moves the air in the atmosphere around

A change in state in which water returns to Earth's surface and changes from a vapor to a liquid is called

condensation

Earth's center is called the _______ and Is made up of molten and solid metals

core

an event that is both a cause and an effect is a cyclical process known as a ____________, and can be either positive or negative

feedback loop

list some of the common sources of phosphorus

fertilizer

The hydrosphere includes all water on Earth, including all forms of liquid, solid and _____

gas

the ______ is made up of all the rocks and minerals on or below earth's surface

geosphere

systems receive and process ________ energy, matter, or information, and produce of energy, matter or information

inputs & outputs

Earth's spheres both overlap and ____

interact

Give an example of each type of input into Earth's systems

it includes, energy, information, matter, solar energy, sensory cues, chemical/physical materials

What is an element

its properties cannot be broken down any further

What type of plant is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

legumes

predator prey are an example of a

lion and zebra, bear and fish

All of the following macromolecules are polymers EXCEPT

lipids

An earthworm tunneling through the soil is an example of the biosphere interacting with the _________

lithosphere

The outermost layer of Earth and the geosphere is known as the

lithosphere

Troposphere

lowest layer of earths atmosphere, unstable weather

Scientists divide Earth into spheres, which are often described by their _____ rather than by their location

make up

The hot rock beneath this layer is know as the _____ and includes the uppermost lithosphere as well as the softer _________

mantle , asthenosphere

All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called

matter

Systems may exchange energy, ________, and/or information with other systems.

matter

Mesosphere

meteors burn up in this layer

A predator-prey relationship in which the two populations rise and fall in response to each other is an example of a _____ feedback loop.

negative

___________ feedback loops enhance stability by canceling an action once it reaches an extreme

negative

contrast the two different types of feedback loops in terms of how they affect the stability of a system.

negative: stabilize systems by stopping an action once It reaches an extreme positive: move systems to an extreme and increases instability

what is the process of nitrogen fixation

nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia

the central core of every atom, containing particles called protons and neutron

nucleus

Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called

nutrients

Stratosphere

ozone layer, weather balloons

All of he following are part of carbohydrate EXCEPT

phosphorus

The three types of biogeochemical cycle

phosphorus , nitrogen and carbon

Erosion is an example of _______________ feedback loop.

positive

What is the term for organisms, including plants and algae, that create their own food

producer or autotroph

positive feedback loops are relatively _____ in nature but ______ in environmental systems that people have changed

rare, common

Earth's geosphere is made up of all the ___ at and below he surface of Earth

rocks

The characteristic that best defines a macromolecule is its

size

A _____ is a network of parts, elements, or components that interact and influence one another

system

As this layer moves, it drags large sections of lithosphere, called ____________, across Earth's surface

tectonic plates

compare negative feedback and positive feedback loops

they are both cyclical process in which an event is both input and output

what function does carbon dioxide play in Earth's atmosphere?

traps infared radiation heat

Water molecules are composed of

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen

Describe the special properties of water that allow it to support life on earth

water sticks to itself , which it allows it to carry materials into plants and animals

What is a compound

water, for example

what happens when you get too cold

wear more clothes, shiver ; body warms

What is the Transforming Boundary ?

where plates slide passed each other -Earthquakes, San Andreas Fault

What is a convergent boundary?

where two plates come together, collide -Subduction Zones -mountain building