3.1 & 3.2 Study Guide Waves, Layers, & Continental Drift SG

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The hottest layers are closest to the core.

describes the relationship between Earth's layers?

P-waves

the first waves to reach a seismograph after an earthquake are ____

focus

the initial point in Earth's interior where the energy of an earthquake occurs is the ____

epicenter

the position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ____

s-waves

wave that is stopped or absorbed by the outer core

continental drift

A hypothesis was introduced that proposed a single large landmass broke into smaller landmasses and formed the continents, which drifted to their present locations. What is the name of this hypothesis?

enter the core and are refracted

Acording to the figure, when p-waves encounter the boundary between the mantle and the core, the p-waves most likely:

shadow zones

As a result of seismic waves interacting with the liquid outer core, within what region do seismographs show no record of the earthquake ever having occurred?

tropical plant fossils discovered in Antarctica

Climate evidence that supports continental drift would have been:

seafloor spreading

Continental drift occurs because of ____

gravity

Earth formed in a swirling disk of matter surrounding the sun. As particles in the disk collided and stuck together, they grew larger and some eventually became planets. What force was responsible for the collisions between these particles?

They study the behavior of seismic waves.

How do scientists study the boundary between the crust and the mantle?

All seismic waves refract, changing speed and direction as they travel into new layers of the Earth.

How do seismic waves change when they travel into new layers of the earth?

mantle

Layer responsible for the convection currents that cause the tectonic plates to move.

Surface

Of the 3 seismic waves, the __?__-Waves are the slowest.

currents in the mantle rotate, pulling the crust along with it.

Seafloor spreading occurs because ____

the refraction of P waves through Earth's layers, and S-waves being absorbed by outer core

Seismic stations located within the shadow zone show no seismic activity of P & S waves. This is caused by:

magnetic reversals

Studying the ocean floor, scientists found rocks showing ___

convection currents.

Tectonic plates are moved due to ________________in the upper mantle.

Alfred Wegener

The Continental Drift theory was proposed by ____

magnetic field

The alignment of iron-bearing minerals in rocks when they formed reflects the fact that Earth's ____ has reversed itself several times in its past.

Crust

The least dense layer is the __?__

mountain ranges and fossils

The presence of the same ____ on several continents supports the idea of continental drift.

Planetary Differentiation

The process by which the Earth divided up into layers with different densities is called:

Harry Hess

The seafloor spreading theory was proposed by ____

Pangaea

The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called ____.

ridges

The youngest rocks in the ocean floor are located at the mid-ocean ____

mid-ocean ridges

There are long mountain belts that divide the sea floor and generate new sea floor as magma rises and erupts onto Earth's surface. What are these mountain belts known as?

Asthenosphere

Which layer of Earth does a tectonic plate ride on top of?

The inner core is solid because of the intense pressure and temperatures

Which layer of the earth is a solid and why?

radioactive decay

Which of the following is a source of heat in Earth's interior?

P waves are fastest and get there first

Which set of waves are probably the primary waves?

continents seem to fit together

evidence for Wegener's theory of continental drift

slow down

primary (P) waves ____ when they hit the liquid outer core

changes in seismic waves

scientists discovered changes in Earth's interior by studying ____

stop

secondary (S) waves ____ when they hit the liquid outer core

The crust is less dense than the mantle.

statement that best describes the difference between the crust and the mantle?


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