33-35

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

heart disease.

The amniotic fluid serves to:

B. insulate and protect the fetus.

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

B. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: Select one:

Talk to the child, not just the caregiver

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: Select one:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

an acute onset of dementia.

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

.the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

A. "Have you had a sonogram?"

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

A. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

A. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:

B. 7:57.

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? Select one:

B. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:

B. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care.

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

C. 16 hours.

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

C. Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. infection. B. poisonings or ingestion. C. hyperglycemia. D. electrolyte imbalances.

C. hyperglycemia.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

C. is wrapped around the baby's neck.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

C. positive-pressure ventilations.

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

C. pulmonary embolism.

You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:

C. respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

C. start of one to the start of the next.

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Select one:

Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

D. Uterus

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

D. an ectopic pregnancy.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

D. belly button.

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

D. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

D. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

D. that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Select one

Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? Select one:

Why did your child ingest the poison?

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

a decreased ability to cough.

An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:

a systemic infection.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Select one:

absent urine output.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Select one

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n):

advance directive.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: Select one:

age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet.

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.

Pale skin in a child indicates that the: Select one:

blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

cataracts.

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: Select one:

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: Select one

croup

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Select one:

drooling or congestion.

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one:

entrapment in a structural fire.

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: Select one:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

kyphosis.

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Select one:

neonatal period.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: Select one:

palpate for a carotid pulse.

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

place blankets behind the patient's head.

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would MOST likely predispose the older patient to:

pneumonia.

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one:

sunken fontanelles.

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

n contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because:

the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes.