3871 prepU quizzes F&E balance

A patient is ordered to receive hypotonic IV solution to provide free water replacement. Which of the following solutions will the nurse anticipate administering? -Lactated Ringer's solution -0.45% NaCl -0.9% NaCl -5% NaCl

-0.45% NaCl Half-strength saline (0.45%) is hypotonic. Hypotonic solutions are used to replace cellular fluid because it is hypotonic compared with plasma. Another is to provide free water to excrete body wastes. At times, hypotonic sodium solutions are used to treat hypernatremia and other hyperosmolar conditions. Lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline (0.9% NaCl) are isotonic. A solution that is 5% NaCl is hypertonic.

Which of the following is considered an isotonic solution? -0.9% normal saline -Dextran in NS -0.45% normal saline -3% NaCl

-0.9% normal saline An isotonic solution is 0.9% normal saline (NaCl). Dextran in NS is a colloid solution, 0.45% normal saline is a hypotonic solution, and 3% NaCl is a hypertonic solution.

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform for this complication? -Elevate the client's head -Apply a warm compress -Position the client on the left side -Apply antiseptic and a dressing

-Apply a warm compress Prolonged use of the same vein can cause phlebitis; the nurse should apply warm compress after restarting the IV. The nurse need not elevate the client's head, position the client on the left side, or apply antiseptic and a dressing. The client's head is elevated if the client exhibits symptoms of circulatory overload. The client is positioned on the left side if the client exhibits signs of air embolism. The nurse applies antiseptic and a dressing to an IV site in the event of an infection.

The nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral IV catheter into a patient who will require fluids and IV antibiotics. How should the nurse always start the process of insertion? -Leave one hand ungloved to assess the site. -Cleanse the skin with normal saline. -Ask the patient about allergies to latex or iodine. -Remove excessive hair from the selected site.

-Ask the patient about allergies to latex or iodine. Before preparing the skin, the nurse should ask the patient if he or she is allergic to latex or iodine, which are products commonly used in preparing for IV therapy. A local reaction could result in irritation to the IV site, or, in the extreme, it could result in anaphylaxis, which can be life threatening. Both hands should always be gloved when preparing for IV insertion, and latex-free gloves must be used or the patient must report not having latex allergies. The skin is not usually cleansed with normal saline prior to insertion. Removing excessive hair at the selected site is always secondary to allergy inquiry.

A nurse educator is reviewing peripheral IV insertion with a group of novice nurses. How should these nurses be encouraged to deal with excess hair at the intended site? -Leave the hair intact. -Shave the area. -Clip the hair in the area. -Remove the hair with a depilatory.

-Clip the hair in the area Hair can be a source of infection and should be removed by clipping; it should not be left at the site. Shaving the area can cause skin abrasions, and depilatories can irritate the skin.

Upon assessment of a patient's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The patient complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. What are these signs and symptoms indicative of? -Phlebitis -An infiltration -A systemic blood infection -Rapid fluid administration

-Phlebitis Phlebitis is a local infection at the site of an intravenous catheter. Signs and symptoms include redness, pus, warmth, induration, and pain. A systemic infection includes manifestations such as chills, fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. An infiltration involves manifestations such as swelling, coolness, and pallor at the catheter insertion site. Rapid fluid administration can result in fluid overload, and manifestations may include an elevated blood pressure, edema in the tissues, and crackles in the lungs.

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as -Cellular hydration -Volume expander -Total parenteral nutrition -Blood transfusion therapy

-Total parenteral nutrition Total parenteral nutrition is a hypertonic solution containing 20% to 50% dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that is administered into the venous system.

A client is eligible for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) when: -a family member is able to assist with self-dosing. -there are advanced directives in place. -the client has the ability to self-administer. -there is a nurse to assist with self-administration.

-the client has the ability to self-administer. The ability to self-administer the drug is a requirement for the client to use PCA. Having a family member or advance directives is not a requirement for initiating PCA. The nurse teaches the client about how to use PCA and monitors effectiveness of the pain medication; however, it is not necessary for the nurse to assist with the administration of the drug.