3B Review - Carbon-based Chemistry
Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simplebiological reaction?
A reaction rate can be increased when the specific enzyme for a biological reaction is present.
Which action must occur for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction?
A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme.
what is essential to proper functioning of all organisms?
ATP
Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?
Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule
How are a channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane similar?
Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell
Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?
Celluar Respiration
Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function?
Chloroplast
Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.
which characteristic is shared by all organisms
DNA
what is the chemical formulas for water
H2O
A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example? a. energy use
Homeostasis
Which statement explains why carbon is useful for storing energy in carbohydrates made by photosynthetic organisms?
It can form covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms, storing energy in the bonds.
How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?
It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.
Which statement correctly matches a type of macromolecule with its function?
Lipids can form oils and waxes
what is the sequence of steps in the scientific method?
Make observation, form a hypothesis, collect and analyze data, draw conclusion, communicate results
Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?
Monomers are linked to form a polymer
Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?
Only active transport requires ATP.
Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds.
During physical education class, some students ran one mile. After their run, the students recorded changes they experienced.Which of the following changes experienced by the students does NOT represent a homeostatic mechanism and its result on the students' bodies.
Sweating maintains stable water levels.
All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis?
Temperature is regulated by sweating.
Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?
The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge.
what best describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The presence of membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates they are more complex
Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?
The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry enviroments.
Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?
They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.
which feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic makes atp reserve necessary
They use energy to function
Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?
They use energy to function.
Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane?
Unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell
The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function?
a medicine that affects pH
Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
a source of quick energy
polymer
assembled by linking monomers with covalent bonds
what is small and makes up all matter
atoms
function of protein
body structures, enzymes, hormones, antibodies
What holds atoms together in a molecule?
bonds
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form a molecule that dissolves well in the liquid part of blood. How does carbonic anhydrase affect this reaction?
by decreasing the amount of energy needed to complete the reaction
Why is carbon able to form larger number of different molecules
carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
which characteristics allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms
carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
surface tension
caused by cohesion of water molecules; allows things to float on the surface of water
forms 4 covalent bonds
characteristic or property of carbon that allows it to form large complex molecules
Which structure and function are common to all plant and some protist distinguish them from all animals
chloroplasts that code photosynthesis
Which property allows for organisms like bugs to float on water
cohesion
which characteristic is shared between both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
contain genetic material
structure of lipid
elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen monomer - glycerol head and long fatty acid chains or tails
structure of a carbohydrate
elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen monomers - monosaccharides like glucose
structure of protein
elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen monomers - amino acids bonds - peptide
structure of a nucleic acid
elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus monomers - nucleotides (sugar, phosphate & base)
which best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cell contains meme brand bound organelles and prokaryotic cells do not
Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell?
exocytosis and endocytosis
function of lipids
high-energy bonds supply long-term energy, make up cell membranes, waterproof leaves
what makes water a unique molecule?
it is polar
What type of macromolecule stores energy, makes up the plasma membrane and circulates chemical signals?
lipids
A scientist observed a single called organism with a whip-like tail what function does this whip-like structure serve?
movement throughout a environment
Which set of ecological organization levels is most likely to contain the largest variety of species?
multiple biomes in a biosphere
Which of the following describes the formation of a complex carbohydrate?
multiple monosaccharides like glucose join to form a polysaccharide
Which component of a membrane contains a hydrophobic region and acts as the primary barrier to most foreign substances?
phospholipid bilayer
what is the sequence of ecological categories from the fewest number of individuals to the greatest
popular community ecosystem biome
function of a carbohydrate
quick energy held in the bonds
The function of which human organ is most like the cell wall
skin
function of nucleic acid
store genetic information in the sequence of nucleotides
Which property of water is responsible for plants being able to transport water their roots to their leaves
the attraction between molecules
Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which stuffier can support life functions?
the cell
Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
the need for a source of energy
capillary action
water moves from the roots to the leaves in plants due to cohesion and adhesion