4-4 Review and Reinforcement
as particles and waves
How does the quantum-mechanical model of the atom describe electrons?
electron spin
the clockwise or counterclockwise motion of an electron
a. s orbital
The first principal energy level of the hydrogen atom contains only a(n) a. s orbital b. p orbital c. d orbital d. f orbital
electron density
the density of an electron cloud
b. larger
The 3s orbital differs from the 2s orbital in that it is a. smaller b. larger c. a different shape d. more crowded
c. quantum number for that energy level
The number of sub levels in each principal energy level equals the a. mass of the atom b. electron density of the atom c. quantum number for that energy level d. number of electrons in the atom
Pauli Exclusion Principle
states that each orbital in an atom can hold at most two electrons and that these electrons must have opposite spins
principal energy level
the main energy levels in an atom
c. dumbbells
All p orbitals are shaped like a. spheres b. doughnuts c. dumbbells d. footballs
b. lowest
The electron cloud is least dense where the probability of finding an electron is a. greatest b. lowest c. highly likely d. nonexistent
c. s, p, d, and f
Which sub levels can be found in the fourth principal energy level of an atom? a. s and p b. s, p, and d c. s, p, d, and f d. s, p, d, f, and g
orbital
a region in space where an electron with a particular energy is likely to be found
quantum-mechanical model
explains the properties of atoms by treating the electron as a wave and quantizing its energy
quantum number
number designating a principal energy level in an atom