4.1: Personality
The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.
Five Factor Model
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
Freudian slip
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Karen Horney
Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?
Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.
beliefs and expectations
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?
moving against people
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
projective test
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.
self-actualization
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.
As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
humanism
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?
They can be scientifically tested.
Which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?