4G: The End of Medieval Europe
Which institution played the MOST important role in Medieval Europe?
the Roman Catholic Church & its priests
What were the 2 ways the Hundred Years' War contributed to the end of Medieval Europe?
1. People felt a rising sense of belonging to a country or group, the "French" and the "British" --> NATIONALISM 2. Complex & strong governments returned in Europe
What were the 3 ways the Crusades contributed to the end of Medieval Europe?
1. weakened the church's power & people's faith because attempt to reclaim Holy Lands failed 2. weakened the feudal system because so many knights died & lords no longer had reliable protection 3. UNEXPECTEDLY trade between Arab & Christian soldiers revitalized trade between Europe & Asia
What were the 2 ways the Black Death contributed to the end of Medieval Europe?
1. weakened the power of the church because priests couldn't stop the spread or the death 2. serfs & peasants left the countryside manors to find higher-wage jobs in the city (more social mobility & $$) because so many workers were killed
What was the Hundred Years' War?
113 year war between English & French Kings over who had the right to control of French lands
What city in the "Holy Land" did the Christians want to win back from the Muslims during the Crusades?
Jerusalem
What do we call Europe during the Middle Ages after the fall of the Roman Empire?
Medieval Europe
What was the Black Death?
a plague that entered Europe via rats on trade ships from the East. Europeans with weak immune systems, living in poverty, & hunger quickly fell victim; killed almost a 1/3 of Europe in just a few years.
What is feudalism?
a political & social system in which wealthy medieval landowners granted land in return for military service from knights or labor from peasants
What were the Crusades?
a series of "holy wars" started by the Roman Catholic Church to push back Muslim Caliphates in Europe and reconquer the holy city of Jerusalem.
As the Roman Catholic Church's power declined at the end of the Middle Ages, who rose in importance?
monarchs (kings) & their lords