5.2 biology

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Telophase

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

Centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

7. If a cell skipped metaphase during mitosis, how might this affect the two daughter cells?

Because it allows the cell to continue its normal functions in other stages of the cell cycle. If a cell skipped metaphase during mitosis, how might this affect the two daughter cells? They might not end up with a separated sister chromatids after the cell divides

1. What are chromosomes? When do they form?

Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins, they form after dna replication (prophase)

8. Explain how chromosomes are related to chromatin. Why are chromosomes important for mitosis?

Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. It is this coiled structure that ensures proper segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. During other phases of the cell cycle, DNA is not coiled into chromosomes. Instead, it exists as a grainy material called chromatin.

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

4. What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Chromosomes become visible, the nucleolus disappears, the mitotic spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope disappears. Chromosomes become more coiled and can be viewed under a light microscope. ... The nuclear envelope disappears at the end of prophase

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

6. Describe what happens during cytokinesis in animal cells.

In animal cells, the plasma membrane of the parent cell pinches inward along the cell's equator until two daughter cells form.

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

9. Explain the significance of the spindle in mitosis.

Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and pull them towards different poles of the cell during the final phases of mitosis. The result is two identical cells with the same chromosomes. A cell plate is a structure found in plant cells on the top and bottom

Chromosomes

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

5. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?

anaphase, during which each chromosome's sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

2. Identify the chromatids and the centromere of a chromosome.

chromatids are one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome, and chromosomes are threadlike structures of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Chromatid

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

3. List the phases of mitosis.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.