6 HISTORY

Which of the following was the most direct effect of commercial rivalries among France, Spain, England, and other European powers in the 1700s?

An increase in population as a result of new foods introduced from the Americas

Which of the following best describes a continuity in the political relationships between European states at the end of the seventeenth century and at the beginning of the nineteenth?

Britain overtook France and other European states to become the greatest colonial power.

Which of the following best explains why the trade rivalry between European states resulted in Britain becoming the dominant power by the end of the 1700s?

Britain's access to resources and improvements in finance and industry allowed its economy to grow more rapidly than other countries.

"I do, indeed, consider the French Revolution as the severest trial which the visitation of Providence has ever yet inflicted upon the nations of the Earth. But I cannot help reflecting, with satisfaction, that this country [Great Britain], even under such a trial, has not only been exempted from those calamities which have covered almost every other part of Europe, but appears to have been reserved as a refuge and asylum to those who fled from its persecution. . . . And, perhaps, ultimately as an instrument to deliver the world from the crimes and miseries which have attended the Revolution. . . . [The revolutionaries] had issued a universal declaration of war against all the thrones of Europe. They had passed the decree of November 19, 1792, proclaiming the promise of French aid to all nations who should manifest a wish to become free. . . . They had sealed their principles by the deposition of their sovereign. They had applied these principles to England, by inviting and encouraging the addresses of those seditious and traitorous societies who, from the beginning, favoured their views, and who, encouraged by your tolerance, were even then publicly avowing French doctrines, and anticipating their success; in this country were hailing the progress of those proceedings in France which led to the murder of its king. They were even then looking to the day when they should behold a national convention in England, formed upon similar principles." William Pitt, Prime Minister of Great Britain, speech to Parliament regarding a possible peace treaty with France, 1800 Which of the following conclusions is best supported by Pitt's speech?

British leaders did not see the French Revolution as a threat.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two authors' views of the "rights of man"?

Burke is skeptical of the concept, while Robespierre claims to support them.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two authors' views of liberty?

Burke sees his own ideas as restricting liberty, while Robespierre sees his own ideas as encouraging liberty.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would most directly challenge Pinson's claim that the bourgeoisie accepted its status after the Congress of Vienna?

The continued influence of French revolutionary thought in Germany, which led to new radical ideologies

Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support Pinson's claim regarding the "universalist dreams" associated with the Holy Roman Empire?

The continued influence of German nationalism in calls for the unification of the German states

Which of the following would best support Pinson's claim that ordinary Germans were eager to reject French influence?

The mass uprisings against Napoleonic rule across Germany, which contributed to Napoleon's defeat

Pitt's speech regarding the possibility of peace with France was most likely influenced by which of the following developments?

The physically destructive effects of the war against France on the territory of the British Isles

Which of the following best describes the impact of the wars of the French Revolution and of Napoleon on Europe?

The wars led to the spread of nationalist and liberal thought across Europe.

Which of the following best explains why the religious revival of the late eighteenth century is seen as consistent with the development of Romanticism?

They both rejected the Enlightenment emphasis on empiricism and Enlightenment beliefs that nature was knowable and predictable.

Great Britain's ability to play a leading role in the allied coalition that eventually defeated Napoleon is best explained by its earlier

establishment of a global maritime empire

Napoleon Bonaparte's encouragement of a national education system and a merit-based civil service as well as his issuance of a rationalized legal code are best explained by his desire to

implement Enlightenment principles

Napoleon's preservation of theoretically representative institutions such as the Senate, Tribunal, and Legislative Assembly under his monarchical rule is best explained by his aim to

present himself as fulfilling the principle of popular sovereignty established during the French Revolution

Which of the following best explains why the major European sea powers vied for control over the Atlantic in the 1700s?

European states increasingly attempted to enforce free-trade policies.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by Pitt's description of France's goals with regard to Great Britain?

France wished to imitate the British system of parliamentary monarchy.

Which of the following best explains Rousseau's importance to the development of Romanticism?

He emphasized the role of emotions in moral improvement.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two authors' views of traditional authority?

Robespierre rejects traditional forms of authority, while Burke respects them.

Which of the following best explains why Romanticism is seen as a challenge to Enlightenment thought?

Romanticism was influential in the study of nature and the natural sciences.

Which of the following contributed most strongly to the outbreak of the French Revolution?

The Enlightenment