6246 Ch.10 Sample readiness questions
What type of graph is used to illustrate the results of a meta-analysis?
Forest plot
Primary research often refers to:
the original studies that are included in a systematic review
Which of the following is most likely to provide the strongest evidence for the efficacy of an intervention?
A systematic review of two studies using randomized controlled trial designs
Which of the following databases would be most useful for finding high-quality systematic reviews that cover all areas of health care?
Cochrane Collaborative
Which of the following strategies would be considered useful for strengthening the quality of a systematic review?
Contacting researchers and experts in the field to locate unpublished studies
Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically desirable when evaluating the quality of practice guidelines?
Developed by researchers who are not familiar with the area of practice to avoid bias
What would be the most efficient way to find systematic reviews concerning the condition of tendonitis that are specific to physical therapy practice?
Do a search of systematic reviews on PEDro.
A systematic review of efficacy studies is always a higher level of evidence than an individual study that uses a randomized controlled trial design.
False
All quantitative systematic reviews include a meta-analysis of the data.
False
PEDro and OTSeeker provide the full text of systematic reviews indexed in their database.
False
A meta-analysis is conducted and reports an overall effect of Cohen's d= 0.75. This effect would be considered:
Large
A systematic review reports that children who were born preterm score lower on simple language function tests than children born at term (d = -.045). What is the size of the effect?
Medium
A description of the key words used and the databases searched would be found in what section of a systematic review?
Methods
In what section of a systematic review would you find the following comment: "Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, and The Cochrane Library) were searched."
Methods
Which characteristic is typically most desirable in a systematic review?
Multiple studies of similar design conducted by different researchers
Which type of document is most likely to be developed by an organization?
Practice guideline
A meta-analysis is conducted and reports an overall effect of odds ratio = 1.50 for being overweight and developing a ruptured Achilles tendon. This meta-analysis was designed to answer what type of question?
Predictive
Which of the following characteristics is most associated with practice guidelines (as opposed to systematic reviews or individual studies)?
Provide specific recommendations for practitioners
The registration of clinical trials before a study begins is an attempt to address what limitation of systematic reviews?
Publication bias
The following statement indicates that this is a systematic review of what type of studies? "Abstracted data were thematic coded and synthesized using a meta-ethnographic and a meta-narrative approach."
Qualitative
In a systematic review of motivational interviewing to increase physical activity, the researchers commented, "There was moderate level evidence that motivational interviewing had a small effect in increasing physical activity levels in people with chronic health conditions relative to comparison groups (standardized mean differences = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.32, p= 0.004)."This statement would be found in what section of the systematic review?
Results
All types of research questions can be answered with a systematic review if the research is available
True
Good practitioners may act against the recommendations of practice guidelines when taking client preferences into account
True
Practice guidelines are more likely to incorporate practitioner and client experience into the development process than are systematic reviews.
True
Systematic reviews and practice guidelines should reference all studies that make up their evidence base.
True
The individual studies that make up a systematic review comprise the review's sample.
True
The results of a meta-analysis are typically reported using:
effect-size statistic
"Grey literature"refers to:
literature that is not published or is difficult to find.
A meta-analysis is conducted and reports an overall effect of odds ratio = 1.50 for being overweight and developing a ruptured Achilles tendon. This effect would best be interpreted as:
individuals who are overweight are 1.5 times more likely to develop a ruptured Achilles tendon.
Systematic reviews of efficacy studies are most likely to:
overreport positive findings.
A systematic review finds that people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with suicidal ideation have an elevated risk of suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 4.9).You would interpret this to mean that:
people with TBI and suicidal ideation are almost 5 times more likely to make a suicide attempt.
The title of a document—"Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations for StrokeSurvivors: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American StrokeAssociation"—suggests that it would best fit the category of:
practice guideline
When studies in a meta-analysis are weighted, this means that:
some studies count for more than other studies in the effect size calculation.d.a