7th grade Saxon Math 8/7, Lessons 1-10
improper fraction
a fraction equal to 1, or greater than 1, that can be rewritten as a whole number or a mixed number
percent
a fraction whose denominator is expressed as a percent sign 99/100 = 99%
fact family
a group of 3 numbers that are related by addition and subtraction or by multiplication and addition
variable
a letter used to represent a number that has not been designated
geometry
a major branch of mathematics that deals with shapes, sizes, and other properties of figures
divisor
a number by which another number is divided
minuend
a number from which another number is subtracted (In 12 - 4 = 8, it is 12.)
dividend
a number that is divided
subtrahend
a number that is subtracted (In 12 - 4 = 8, it is 4.)
vertex
a point where two or more lines, rays, or segments meet
equation
a statement that shows that two quantities are equal
line
a straight collection of points extending in opposite directions without end
plane
a two-dimensional flat world, having length and width, but not depth
expanded notation
a way of writing a number as the sum of "the products of the digits and the place values of the digits" 6753 = (6 x 1000) + (7 x 100) + (5 x 10) + (3 x 1)
mixed number
a whole number plus a fraction
operations of arithmetic
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
integers
all of the counting numbers, as well as negative numbers and the number zero; does not include fractions or decimals
obtuse angle
an angle greater than 90 degrees
acute angle
an angle smaller than 90 degrees
right angle
an angle that forms a square corner and measures 90 degrees
point
an exact location in space that is unmeasurably small; has no dimensions
sum
answer to an addition problem
commutative property of addition
changing the order of the addends does not change the sum a + b = b + a
commutative property of multiplication
changing the order of the factors does not change the product a x b = b x a
oblique lines
lines in a plane that are neither parallel nor perpendicular
parallel lines
lines in the same plane that do not intersect
addends
numbers that are added together
factors
numbers that are multiplied
negative numbers
numbers to the left of the origin; numbers less than zero
positive numbers
numbers to the right of the origin; numbers greater than zero
inverse operations
operations that "undo" one another (addition and subtraction; multiplication and division)
ray
part of a line with one endpoint
segment
part of a line with two endpoints
fraction
part of a whole, or part of a group
quotient
the answer to a division problem
product
the answer to a multiplication problem
difference
the answer to a subtraction problem (In 12 - 4 = 8, it is 8).
denominator
the bottom term of a fraction
whole numbers
the counting numbers plus zero (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...)
associative property of addition
the grouping of addends does not change the sum (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
associative property of multiplication
the grouping of factors does not change the product (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
greatest common factor
the largest whole number that is a factor of two or more indicated numbers (for 12 & 18, it is 6)
counting numbers
the numbers we say when we count (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...)
angle
the opening that is formed when two lines, rays, or segments intersect
perfect square
the product when a whole number is multiplied by itself
reciprocal
the result of inverting a fraction
numerator
the top term of a fraction
place value
the value of a digit based on its position within a number
origin
the zero point on a number line
invert
to switch the numerator and denominator of a fraction
perpendicular lines
two lines that intersect at right angles
identity property of multiplication
when a given number is multiplied by one, the result equals the given number a x 1 = a
property of zero for multiplication
when a number is multiplied by zero, the product is zero a x 0 = 0
identity property of addition
when zero is added to a number, the sum is equal to the original number a + 0 = a
