9th Grade Physical Science - Chapter 3 States Of Matter
solids, liquids, gases, plasma
4 states of matter---
faster
At higher temperatures the particles move __________________
slower
At lower temperatures the particles move __________________
conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes
temp, volume, number of particles
Factors that affect gas pressure-
P1V1=P2V2
Formula for Boyle's Law
pascals
Pressure is measured in:
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Pascal's Principle
The rule that when force is applied to a confined fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid
melting point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
thermal energy
The total kinetic energy of motion in the particles of a substance
Charles's Law
The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, provided with pressure does not change(direct relationship)
plasma
a gas-like mixture that is ionized with positively and negatively charged particles; does not have definite shape or volume but can conduct electricity
Viscosity
a liquid's resistance to flow
pressure
amount of a force spread over a surface area; can be calculated by dividing amount of force by area over which force is exerted
fluid
any substance that can flow and easily change shape like liquids and gases; particles are free to move past each other
kinetic theory of matter
matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) that are in constant motion
liquids
matter that does not have a definite shape, but does have a definite volume
solids
matter that has a definite shape and volume; particles in this state move the slowest and have the least amount of kinetic energy
gases
matter that has no definite shape or volume; particles in this state move the fastest and have the most amount of kinetic energy
boiling point
temperature at which s a liquid undergoes evaporation and changes to a gas
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion; all particles of matter have this type of energy because they are in constant motion
thermal expansion
the expansion of matter when it is heated; when matter expands as it gets hotter, and contracts as it cools
Sublimation
the phase change in which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without ever becoming a liquid; solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) changes directly into gaseous carbon dioxide
condensation
the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid
Conservation of Mass
the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during physical or chemical changes
phase change
the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
endothermic reaction
the system absorbs energy from it's surroundings
exothermic reaction
the system releases energy from it's surroundings
buoyant force
the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid
Boyle's Law
(Car Piston) If you decrease the volume of a container of gas, the pressure of the gas will increase provided the temp does not change (inverse relationship)
