9th Grade Physical Science - Chapter 3 States Of Matter

solids, liquids, gases, plasma

4 states of matter---

faster

At higher temperatures the particles move __________________

slower

At lower temperatures the particles move __________________

conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes

temp, volume, number of particles

Factors that affect gas pressure-

P1V1=P2V2

Formula for Boyle's Law

pascals

Pressure is measured in:

Evaporation

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Pascal's Principle

The rule that when force is applied to a confined fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid

melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

thermal energy

The total kinetic energy of motion in the particles of a substance

Charles's Law

The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, provided with pressure does not change(direct relationship)

plasma

a gas-like mixture that is ionized with positively and negatively charged particles; does not have definite shape or volume but can conduct electricity

Viscosity

a liquid's resistance to flow

pressure

amount of a force spread over a surface area; can be calculated by dividing amount of force by area over which force is exerted

fluid

any substance that can flow and easily change shape like liquids and gases; particles are free to move past each other

kinetic theory of matter

matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) that are in constant motion

liquids

matter that does not have a definite shape, but does have a definite volume

solids

matter that has a definite shape and volume; particles in this state move the slowest and have the least amount of kinetic energy

gases

matter that has no definite shape or volume; particles in this state move the fastest and have the most amount of kinetic energy

boiling point

temperature at which s a liquid undergoes evaporation and changes to a gas

kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion; all particles of matter have this type of energy because they are in constant motion

thermal expansion

the expansion of matter when it is heated; when matter expands as it gets hotter, and contracts as it cools

Sublimation

the phase change in which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without ever becoming a liquid; solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) changes directly into gaseous carbon dioxide

condensation

the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid

Conservation of Mass

the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during physical or chemical changes

phase change

the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

endothermic reaction

the system absorbs energy from it's surroundings

exothermic reaction

the system releases energy from it's surroundings

buoyant force

the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid

Boyle's Law

(Car Piston) If you decrease the volume of a container of gas, the pressure of the gas will increase provided the temp does not change (inverse relationship)