9th world History unit 4

Which English monarch was the only monarch ever executed in British history in 1649?

Charles I

The Encyclopedia project was led by

Diderot

Robert Boyle

He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.

Which Philosopher most directly influenced the American idea of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

John Locke

The Puritan leader of the New Model Army who became Lord Protector ruling England from 1653-1658 was

Oliver Cromwell

Which Enlightenment thinker is quoted as saying, "man is born free, but everywhere is in chains"?

Rousseau

One of Montesquieu's most influential ideas was

Separation of powers within any government

Joseph Priestly

The man who discovered Oxygen. One of the founding fathers of chemistry, Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) stumbled across photosynthesis, is credited with the discovery of oxygen and accidentally brought us soda water. He was also a member of BRLSI's predecessor, the Bath Philosophical Society.

Which group in English society probably most strongly supported the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?

The monarchy

Who is Enlightenment philosopher and author of Leviathan had little faith in man's ability to govern himself?

Thomas Hobbes

Which French Philosopher is credited with making the famous statement, "I disagree with you, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

Voltaire

What quote associated with John Locke

_"Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."_

Isaac Newton

a physicist and mathematician who developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion and is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th-century Scientific Revolution

The enlightened despot of the 18th century was likely to support which reform measures?

abolition of the nobility

Rene Descartes

has been heralded as the first modern philosopher. He is famous for having made an important connection between geometry and algebra, which allowed for the solving of geometrical problems by way of algebraic equations

Johannes Kepler

is best known for his three laws of planetary motion. These laws are: Planets move in orbits shaped like an ellipse

Antoine Lavoisier

is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature

One long-range effect of the English Civil War and the Commonwealth was to

make England a republic

The Bill of Rights of 1689 declared that

no taxes should be levied without the consent of a Parliament

The Glorious Revolution was

the overthrow of the Catholic king James II, who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange_or _established the principle that monarchs ruled by parliamentary consent, not by divine right. Or England became a democracy

Robert Hooke

was a 17th-century "natural philosopher"—an early scientist—noted for a variety of observations of the natural world. But perhaps his most notable discovery came in 1665 when he looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and discovered cells

Sir Francis Bacon

was an English Renaissance statesman and philosopher, best known for his promotion of the scientific method or Religious beliefs. Bacon was a devout Anglican. He believed that philosophy and the natural world must be studied inductively, but argued that we can only study arguments for the existence of God. Information on his attributes (such as nature, action, and purposes) can only come from special revelation

Nicholas Copernicus

was an astronomer, mathematician, translator, artist, and physicist among other things. He is best known as the first astronomer to posit the idea of a heliocentric solar system—a system in which the planets and planetary objects orbit the sun

Andreas Vesalius

was the first to challenge the theories of Galen and carried out dissection to closely observe the inner structure and construction of the human body. Based on his direct observation through dissection, Vesalius discovered, recorded and published the facts of real anatomy.