A & P Chapter 1

gradient

A difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another is a physiological _______________.

Effector

A structure that carries out a response to a stimulus is called a(n) ____________.

Tissue

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n) __________.

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

An organ is best described as which of the following?

Stimuli

Changes in the environment, to which organisms respond, are called what?

Physiological variations

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Comparative physiology

In which of the following does a surgeon learn a procedure on animals before practicing on humans?

medical imaging techniques

Most exploratory surgery has been replaced with ______.

ilium, ileum

Part of a hip bone is an ______, while the final portion of the small intestine is the ______.

Excitability

Responsiveness is also known as ______.

gross anatomy

Students are looking at major arteries and veins on the surface of the heart, which does not require a microscope. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

Physiology

Students are studying how the heart pumps blood through the body, which is its major function. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

Dynamic

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) ___________ equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point.

Receptor

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n) ____________.

trapezius, trapezium

The name of a back muscle is ______, while the name of a wrist bone is ______.

malleus, malleolus

The name of a middle-ear bone is ______, while the name of a bony protuberance at the ankle is ______.

Baroreceptors

The receptors located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses that trigger autonomic reflexes in response to fluctuations in blood pressure are known as _______________.

Histology

The study of normal tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials, is called ___________.

False

True or false: A tissue is more complex than an organ.

The process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships

What does the term dissection refer to?

Growth

What is an increase in the size of a cell or organism called?

Excitability

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Homeostasis

What is the body's tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment called?

Effector

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Differentiation

What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called?

Positive

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Negative

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change, restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback?

Connective

Which is an example of a class of tissue?

Formation of a blood clot Contractions during childbirth

Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback mechanism?

Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be.

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism?

Baroreceptor

Which receptor detects pressure changes?

higher, lower

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ______ concentration to a region of ______ concentration.

Anatomy

____________ is the study of body structures.

Physiology

______________ is the study of the function of a biological organism.

pancreas

for blood glucose homeostasis, where are the receptors that sense blood sugar levels located?

in a muscle

the perimysium is a structure that is most likely found ___________.

peritoneum

what is the name for the membraneous lining of the abdominal cavity?

histology

what is the study of tissues called?

negative feedback

when calcium levels in the blood drop, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which tells the body to reduce the amount of calcium being excreted in the urine and to absorb more calcium from the food when digesting. this causes blood calcium levels to rise. this is an example of _____________.

organ system

which is larger than the others