A & P Chapter 11 Blood
Antibodies are produced by:
lymphocytes
Lymphocytes-NOT!
may be NK or NBC
Response of red bone marrow to the hypoxia hormone
more rapid mitosis of stem cells to become RBCs
Which WBC is paired with its proper function?
neutrophil—phagocytosis
The Rh factor is found:
on the RBCs of people who are Rh+
The thrombocytes are important for:
preventing blood loss
Which of these is not a function of the liver?
production of antibodies to circulating pathogens
In an adult, red blood cells (RBCs) are formed from stem cells in the:
red bone marrow
Site of production of erythrocytes
red bone marrow
The ABO blood types are names for:
the antigens present on the RBCs
GLOBULINS
Carrier proteins and antibodies
The extrinsic fact there is vitamin b12, which is needed for the synthesis of
DNA by the stem cells in the red bone marrow
Which statement is not true of hemostasis?
Damage to the striated muscle layer of an artery or vein will cause vasoconstriction.
The water of plasma is a solvent, which means that the substance may
Dissolve in this water and be transported
Rh disease of the newborn:
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS fetalis
The colon eliminates bilirubin in
Feces
A blood clot is made of
Fibrin
The most serious effects of a hemolysis transfusion reaction occur in the kidneys, when the capillaries there become clogged by
Free hemoglobin from ruptured RBCs
Which statement is not true of the plasma proteins?
Gamma globulins are antibodies produced by basophils.
bicarbonate ion chemical formula is
HCO3-
Which of these is not a normal value in CBC?
Hb- 8 g/100 mL
The iron from old RBCs may be stored in the liver or transported to the red bone marrow for the synthesis of new
Hemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying protein in RBCs is
Hemoglobin
PLATELET PLUGS
Hemostasis mechanism for breaks in capillaries
Which statement is not true of the prevention of abnormal clotting?
Heparin is produced by monocytes
The function of erythropoietin is to
Increase RBC production
The oxygen-carrying mineral in hemoglobin is
Iron
After birth, the primary email hemopoietic tissue is red bone marrow, which
Is found in flat and irregular
FIBRINOGEN
Is split to form the mesh of a blood clot
POSTHEPATIC
Jaundice that is a consequence of gall stones
PREHEPATIC
Jaundice that is a consequence of malaria
The organ that produces erythropoietin during hypocrisy is the
Kidney
Lymphatic tissue is found in all of these except the
Liver
Since it has no usefulness, bilirubin is considered a waste product. It is removed from circulation by the
Liver and excreted into bile
Before the red bone marrow takes over completely, to other fetal organs contribute to RBC production these are the
Liver and the spleen
When old RBCs are destroyed, the waste product bilirubin is formed and then excreted by the
Liver, in bile
Macrophages (RE cells) that phagocytize old ROCk are found in the
Liver, the spleen, and the red bone marrow
The term hypoxemia means
Low blood oxygen level
The term hypoxia means
Low oxygen in tissues
The WBCs that recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies are
Lymphocytes
The stem cells of lymphatic tissue produced the WBCs called
Lymphocytes
PROTHROMBIN
Made in the liver, is split in the second stage of clotting
The presence of cells and albumin plasma proteins
Make blood more viscous than water
Wendy's in mature RBCs are present in large numbers in circulating blood, it means that there are not enough
Matured RBCs to transport sufficient oxygen throughout the body
These cells constantly undergo the process of
Mitosis to produce new cells
The WBC that carry out most phagocytosis of pathogens are the
Monocytes and neutrophils
Which statement is not true of the function of WBCs?
Neutrophils help detoxify foreign proteins
In RBC formation, the last stage with a nucleus is called a
Normoblast
Name two types of substances that are transported in dissolved form in the plasma
Nutrients and waste products
Functions of blood transportation
Nutrients and waste products. Gases and hormones
Most common to least common ABO types
O-A-B-AB
Which of the following is not transported by blood plasma?
Oxygen
The major regulating factor of RBC production in the amount of
Oxygen in the blood and tissues
RBCs pick up oxygen when they circulate through the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs and this hemoglobin is now called
Oxyhemoglobin
A hematocrit is a measure of the
Percentage of RBCs in the total blood
Which statement is not true of blood plasma?
Plasma makes up 52% to 62% of the total blood, and is itself 50% water.
THROMBOCYTE
Platelet
Which statement is not true of the prevention of blood loss and ruptured vessels?
Platelet plugs are used for only in medium size vessels
HEMOSTASIS
Prevention of blood loss
The function of intrinsic factor is to prevent the digestion of vitamin B12 and
Promote its absorption in the small intestine
The nutrients needed for RBC formation include
Protein and iron which will become part of the hemoglobin molecule
The globin portion of the hemoglobin is digested to amino acids, which may be used in the process of
Protein synthesis
Which statement is not true of chemical blood clotting?
Prothrombin, fibrinogen, and other clotting factors are synthesized by the spleen
Name the types of cells formed in red bone marrow
RBCs WBCs and platelets
The Rh factor is an antigen that is found on the
RBCs of people who are Rh positive
ERYTHROCYTE
Red blood cell
Globulins
Red blood cells RBCs are also called erythrocytes Synthesized by lymphocytes or by the liver. Include antibodies. Include carrier molecules for fats in the blood
Red blood cells are also called erthrocytes and are formed in
Red bone marrow
RBCs release oxygen in systemic capillaries, and their hemoglobin is then called
Reduced hemoglobin
The stage in which fragments of the ER are present is called a
Reticulocyte
The last immature stage in RBC production is the
Reticulocyte, which may be found in circulating blood
RBCs-NOT!
Rh positive is a form of hemoglobin
A large artery that is cut can contract in vascular spasm because its wall contains
Smooth muscle
Lymphatic tissue is found in lymphatic organs such as the
Spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus
In the red bone marrow, the precursor cells for blood cells is called a
Stem cell
HEMOCYTOBLAST
Stem cell in the red bone marrow
The cells in the hemopoietic tissues that undergo mitosis to produce all the types of blood cells are called
Stem cells
When hypoxia occurs, the kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which
Stimulates the red bone marrow to increase the rate of RBC production
The intrinsic factor is produced by the lining of the
Stomach
Albumin
Synthesized only by the liver. + tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood volume. The most abundant plasma protein.
Clotting factors
Synthesized only by the liver. Include fibrinogen & prothrombin. Help prevent blood loss when blood vessels rupture
HEMOLYSIS
The bursting or rupturing of RBCs
Which statement is not true of RBC formation?
The intrinsic factor is produced by the liver to prevent digestion of vitamin b12
RETICULOCYTE
The last immature RBC stage
NORMOBLAST
The last immature RBC stage with a nucleus
BASOPHIL
The least numerous type of WBC
ENDOTHELIUM
The lining of blood vessels, smooth, prevents clotting
Which statement is not true of the destruction of old RBCs?
The normal life span of RBCs is 90 days.
If the blood level of bilirubin rises, perhaps because the liver disease,
The whites of eyes may appear yellow
VISCOSITY
Thickness of a fluid
The viscosity of blood refers to its
Thickness or resistance to flow.
In chemical clotting, fibrinogen is split into fibrin by
Thrombin
Hormone produced when blood oxygen decreases
erythropoietin, by the kidneys
A blood clot is made of:
fibrin
Monocytes-NOT!
granular
The protein that carries oxygen in the blood is:
hemoglobin in RBCs
Which complete blood count (CBC) value is not within its normal range?
hemoglobin—10 grams/100 mL
If a patient receives a transfusion of an incompatible blood type the donated RBCs will rupture this is called
hemolysis
Lack of oxygen in tissues
hypoxia
The mineral necessary for oxygen transport in the blood is:
iron
An increase in WBCs because of infection
leukocytosis
The blood plasma makes up
52% to 62% of the total blood
The normal pH range of blood is
7.35 - 7.45
Plasma makes up 52%-62% of the total blood and itself
91% water
A person with type AB blood has
A & B antigens on the RBCs and neither anti nor anti-b antibodies in the plasma
ANEMIA
A deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin
MEGAKARYOCYTE
A large bone marrow cell that fragments into platelets
LEUKEMIA
A malignant proliferation of WBCs
Heparin
A natural anticoaglant
Which statement is not true of RBC formation?
A normoblast is the last stage with a cell membrane
What major cellular structure do mature RBCs lack?
A nucleus
Albumin
A plasma protein synthesized by the liver, provides colloid osmotic pressure
LEUKOCYTOSIS
A proliferation of WBCs in response to infection
The stimulus for the formation of a platelet plug or a blood clot is
A rough surface
An abnormal clot that forms on a rough surface in an intact vessel is called
A thrombus
BILIRUBIN
A waste product of the destruction of old RBCs
Functions of blood regulation
Acid-base balance. Body temperature. Fluid electrolyte balance.
The plasma protein that helps maintain blood volume by pulling tissue fluid into the capillaries is
Albumin
The pH range is slightly
Alkaline
The red bone marrow produces
All the types of blood cells
BAND CELL
An immature neutrophil/white blood cell
Which term is not paired with its correct meaning?
Anemia - increase RBC count
Which statement is not true of the prevention of abnormal clotting?
Antithrombin is produced by the red bone marrow to inactivate excess thrombin.
Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in the form of
Bicarbonate ions
Describe the appearance of RBCs
Biconcave discs or thinner in the middle than the edge
The heme portion of the hemoglobin of old RBCs is converted to
Bilirubin by RE cells
Which statement is not true of the RBC life cycle?
Bilirubin is formed from the heme of old hemoglobin, and will be excreted by the kidneys.
The term hemopoietic tissue means a tissue in which
Blood cells are formed.
Functions of blood protection
Blood clotting. Destroys pathogens.
Which of these is not transported by blood plasma?
a. nutrients b. waste products c. carbon dioxide d. All of these are carried by blood plasma.
Which of these is not associated with oxygen?
acidosis
1% to 3% of WBCs
eosinophils
Blood plasma is approximately
!91% water
hemoglobin of RBCs
12 to 18 grams per 100 mL
The life span of RBCs is approximately
120 days
thrombocytes
150,000 to 300,000 per microliter
Neutrophils-NOT!
20% to 30% of total WBCs
The blood cells make up
38% to 48% of the total blood
The amount of blood within the body varies with the size of the person this amount is in range of
4 - 6 liters
erythrocytes
4.5 to 6.0 million per microliter
Which statement is not true of ABO blood types?
Type B has A antigens on the RBCs
In the embryo, RBCs are first produced by external membrane called the
Yolk sac
Which statement is not true of RBC types?
b. A type O person has neither A nor B antibodies but does have both antigens.
Which term is not paired with its correct definition?
band cell—an immature lymphocyte that produces few antibodies
Waste product of destruction of old RBCs
bilirubin
Which statement is not true of blood platelets?
c. A normal platelet count is 5,000 to 10,000/mL.
The mineral necessary for chemical blood clotting is:
calcium
