A & P Chapter 11 Blood

Antibodies are produced by:

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes-NOT!

may be NK or NBC

Response of red bone marrow to the hypoxia hormone

more rapid mitosis of stem cells to become RBCs

Which WBC is paired with its proper function?

neutrophil—phagocytosis

The Rh factor is found:

on the RBCs of people who are Rh+

The thrombocytes are important for:

preventing blood loss

Which of these is not a function of the liver?

production of antibodies to circulating pathogens

In an adult, red blood cells (RBCs) are formed from stem cells in the:

red bone marrow

Site of production of erythrocytes

red bone marrow

The ABO blood types are names for:

the antigens present on the RBCs

GLOBULINS

Carrier proteins and antibodies

The extrinsic fact there is vitamin b12, which is needed for the synthesis of

DNA by the stem cells in the red bone marrow

Which statement is not true of hemostasis?

Damage to the striated muscle layer of an artery or vein will cause vasoconstriction.

The water of plasma is a solvent, which means that the substance may

Dissolve in this water and be transported

Rh disease of the newborn:

ERYTHROBLASTOSIS fetalis

The colon eliminates bilirubin in

Feces

A blood clot is made of

Fibrin

The most serious effects of a hemolysis transfusion reaction occur in the kidneys, when the capillaries there become clogged by

Free hemoglobin from ruptured RBCs

Which statement is not true of the plasma proteins?

Gamma globulins are antibodies produced by basophils.

bicarbonate ion chemical formula is

HCO3-

Which of these is not a normal value in CBC?

Hb- 8 g/100 mL

The iron from old RBCs may be stored in the liver or transported to the red bone marrow for the synthesis of new

Hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying protein in RBCs is

Hemoglobin

PLATELET PLUGS

Hemostasis mechanism for breaks in capillaries

Which statement is not true of the prevention of abnormal clotting?

Heparin is produced by monocytes

The function of erythropoietin is to

Increase RBC production

The oxygen-carrying mineral in hemoglobin is

Iron

After birth, the primary email hemopoietic tissue is red bone marrow, which

Is found in flat and irregular

FIBRINOGEN

Is split to form the mesh of a blood clot

POSTHEPATIC

Jaundice that is a consequence of gall stones

PREHEPATIC

Jaundice that is a consequence of malaria

The organ that produces erythropoietin during hypocrisy is the

Kidney

Lymphatic tissue is found in all of these except the

Liver

Since it has no usefulness, bilirubin is considered a waste product. It is removed from circulation by the

Liver and excreted into bile

Before the red bone marrow takes over completely, to other fetal organs contribute to RBC production these are the

Liver and the spleen

When old RBCs are destroyed, the waste product bilirubin is formed and then excreted by the

Liver, in bile

Macrophages (RE cells) that phagocytize old ROCk are found in the

Liver, the spleen, and the red bone marrow

The term hypoxemia means

Low blood oxygen level

The term hypoxia means

Low oxygen in tissues

The WBCs that recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies are

Lymphocytes

The stem cells of lymphatic tissue produced the WBCs called

Lymphocytes

PROTHROMBIN

Made in the liver, is split in the second stage of clotting

The presence of cells and albumin plasma proteins

Make blood more viscous than water

Wendy's in mature RBCs are present in large numbers in circulating blood, it means that there are not enough

Matured RBCs to transport sufficient oxygen throughout the body

These cells constantly undergo the process of

Mitosis to produce new cells

The WBC that carry out most phagocytosis of pathogens are the

Monocytes and neutrophils

Which statement is not true of the function of WBCs?

Neutrophils help detoxify foreign proteins

In RBC formation, the last stage with a nucleus is called a

Normoblast

Name two types of substances that are transported in dissolved form in the plasma

Nutrients and waste products

Functions of blood transportation

Nutrients and waste products. Gases and hormones

Most common to least common ABO types

O-A-B-AB

Which of the following is not transported by blood plasma?

Oxygen

The major regulating factor of RBC production in the amount of

Oxygen in the blood and tissues

RBCs pick up oxygen when they circulate through the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs and this hemoglobin is now called

Oxyhemoglobin

A hematocrit is a measure of the

Percentage of RBCs in the total blood

Which statement is not true of blood plasma?

Plasma makes up 52% to 62% of the total blood, and is itself 50% water.

THROMBOCYTE

Platelet

Which statement is not true of the prevention of blood loss and ruptured vessels?

Platelet plugs are used for only in medium size vessels

HEMOSTASIS

Prevention of blood loss

The function of intrinsic factor is to prevent the digestion of vitamin B12 and

Promote its absorption in the small intestine

The nutrients needed for RBC formation include

Protein and iron which will become part of the hemoglobin molecule

The globin portion of the hemoglobin is digested to amino acids, which may be used in the process of

Protein synthesis

Which statement is not true of chemical blood clotting?

Prothrombin, fibrinogen, and other clotting factors are synthesized by the spleen

Name the types of cells formed in red bone marrow

RBCs WBCs and platelets

The Rh factor is an antigen that is found on the

RBCs of people who are Rh positive

ERYTHROCYTE

Red blood cell

Globulins

Red blood cells RBCs are also called erythrocytes Synthesized by lymphocytes or by the liver. Include antibodies. Include carrier molecules for fats in the blood

Red blood cells are also called erthrocytes and are formed in

Red bone marrow

RBCs release oxygen in systemic capillaries, and their hemoglobin is then called

Reduced hemoglobin

The stage in which fragments of the ER are present is called a

Reticulocyte

The last immature stage in RBC production is the

Reticulocyte, which may be found in circulating blood

RBCs-NOT!

Rh positive is a form of hemoglobin

A large artery that is cut can contract in vascular spasm because its wall contains

Smooth muscle

Lymphatic tissue is found in lymphatic organs such as the

Spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus

In the red bone marrow, the precursor cells for blood cells is called a

Stem cell

HEMOCYTOBLAST

Stem cell in the red bone marrow

The cells in the hemopoietic tissues that undergo mitosis to produce all the types of blood cells are called

Stem cells

When hypoxia occurs, the kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which

Stimulates the red bone marrow to increase the rate of RBC production

The intrinsic factor is produced by the lining of the

Stomach

Albumin

Synthesized only by the liver. + tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood volume. The most abundant plasma protein.

Clotting factors

Synthesized only by the liver. Include fibrinogen & prothrombin. Help prevent blood loss when blood vessels rupture

HEMOLYSIS

The bursting or rupturing of RBCs

Which statement is not true of RBC formation?

The intrinsic factor is produced by the liver to prevent digestion of vitamin b12

RETICULOCYTE

The last immature RBC stage

NORMOBLAST

The last immature RBC stage with a nucleus

BASOPHIL

The least numerous type of WBC

ENDOTHELIUM

The lining of blood vessels, smooth, prevents clotting

Which statement is not true of the destruction of old RBCs?

The normal life span of RBCs is 90 days.

If the blood level of bilirubin rises, perhaps because the liver disease,

The whites of eyes may appear yellow

VISCOSITY

Thickness of a fluid

The viscosity of blood refers to its

Thickness or resistance to flow.

In chemical clotting, fibrinogen is split into fibrin by

Thrombin

Hormone produced when blood oxygen decreases

erythropoietin, by the kidneys

A blood clot is made of:

fibrin

Monocytes-NOT!

granular

The protein that carries oxygen in the blood is:

hemoglobin in RBCs

Which complete blood count (CBC) value is not within its normal range?

hemoglobin—10 grams/100 mL

If a patient receives a transfusion of an incompatible blood type the donated RBCs will rupture this is called

hemolysis

Lack of oxygen in tissues

hypoxia

The mineral necessary for oxygen transport in the blood is:

iron

An increase in WBCs because of infection

leukocytosis

The blood plasma makes up

52% to 62% of the total blood

The normal pH range of blood is

7.35 - 7.45

Plasma makes up 52%-62% of the total blood and itself

91% water

A person with type AB blood has

A & B antigens on the RBCs and neither anti nor anti-b antibodies in the plasma

ANEMIA

A deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin

MEGAKARYOCYTE

A large bone marrow cell that fragments into platelets

LEUKEMIA

A malignant proliferation of WBCs

Heparin

A natural anticoaglant

Which statement is not true of RBC formation?

A normoblast is the last stage with a cell membrane

What major cellular structure do mature RBCs lack?

A nucleus

Albumin

A plasma protein synthesized by the liver, provides colloid osmotic pressure

LEUKOCYTOSIS

A proliferation of WBCs in response to infection

The stimulus for the formation of a platelet plug or a blood clot is

A rough surface

An abnormal clot that forms on a rough surface in an intact vessel is called

A thrombus

BILIRUBIN

A waste product of the destruction of old RBCs

Functions of blood regulation

Acid-base balance. Body temperature. Fluid electrolyte balance.

The plasma protein that helps maintain blood volume by pulling tissue fluid into the capillaries is

Albumin

The pH range is slightly

Alkaline

The red bone marrow produces

All the types of blood cells

BAND CELL

An immature neutrophil/white blood cell

Which term is not paired with its correct meaning?

Anemia - increase RBC count

Which statement is not true of the prevention of abnormal clotting?

Antithrombin is produced by the red bone marrow to inactivate excess thrombin.

Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in the form of

Bicarbonate ions

Describe the appearance of RBCs

Biconcave discs or thinner in the middle than the edge

The heme portion of the hemoglobin of old RBCs is converted to

Bilirubin by RE cells

Which statement is not true of the RBC life cycle?

Bilirubin is formed from the heme of old hemoglobin, and will be excreted by the kidneys.

The term hemopoietic tissue means a tissue in which

Blood cells are formed.

Functions of blood protection

Blood clotting. Destroys pathogens.

Which of these is not transported by blood plasma?

a. nutrients b. waste products c. carbon dioxide d. All of these are carried by blood plasma.

Which of these is not associated with oxygen?

acidosis

1% to 3% of WBCs

eosinophils

Blood plasma is approximately

!91% water

hemoglobin of RBCs

12 to 18 grams per 100 mL

The life span of RBCs is approximately

120 days

thrombocytes

150,000 to 300,000 per microliter

Neutrophils-NOT!

20% to 30% of total WBCs

The blood cells make up

38% to 48% of the total blood

The amount of blood within the body varies with the size of the person this amount is in range of

4 - 6 liters

erythrocytes

4.5 to 6.0 million per microliter

Which statement is not true of ABO blood types?

Type B has A antigens on the RBCs

In the embryo, RBCs are first produced by external membrane called the

Yolk sac

Which statement is not true of RBC types?

b. A type O person has neither A nor B antibodies but does have both antigens.

Which term is not paired with its correct definition?

band cell—an immature lymphocyte that produces few antibodies

Waste product of destruction of old RBCs

bilirubin

Which statement is not true of blood platelets?

c. A normal platelet count is 5,000 to 10,000/mL.

The mineral necessary for chemical blood clotting is:

calcium