A and P FINAL

LOOK AT QUESTION 20 ON QUIZ 4 DIGESTION AND 21

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Which of the following best describes the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase? A) Converts carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate (HCO3) and a H ion B) Converts lipids into monoglycerides C) Converts carbohydrates into monosaccharides D) Converts proteins into amino acids

A) Converts carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate (HCO3) and a H ion

When this muscle contracts, it physically pulls the scrotum closer to the body wall to warm it up during cold environmental temperatures. A) Cremaster muscle B) Tunica dartos C) Myometrium D) Internal abdominal oblique

A) Cremaster muscle

Which of the following is NOT a function of HCl in the stomach? A) Directly digests fats B) Kills pathogens C) Converts iron from the dietary form to the absorbable form D) Activates pepsinogen

A) Directly digests fats

Which of the following structures MUST be removed in any male sterilization technique in order to render the male sterile? (We talked about several strategies to do this in class) A) Ductus deferens B) Prostate C) Urethra D) Bulbourethral gland

A) Ductus deferens

What connective tissue structure attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach? A) Greater Omentum B) Parietal pluera C) Parietal Peritoneum D) Lesser Omentum

A) Greater Omentum

All hormonal control in the male and female begins at what organ? A) Hypothalamus B) Ovary C) Testes D) Anterior Pituitary

A) Hypothalamus

This structure, visible on the surface of the scrotum, marks the internal boundary dividing the scrotum into left and right compartments. A) Perineal raphe B) Cremaster muscle C) Internal inguinal ring D) Internal medial septum

A) Perineal raphe

Where are external genitalia found in the animal? A) Perineum B) Pelvic Cavity C) Ventral Abdomen D) Abdominal Cavity

A) Perineum

Which of the following is the only thing the stomach does that cannot be completed elsewhere in the digestive tract? A) Production of intrinsic factor B) Production of digestive enzymes C) Mechanically digest food D) Chemically digest fats

A) Production of intrinsic factor

Which of the following describes the type of mucosa found in the stomach? A) Simple columnar epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Keratinized squamous epithelium

A) Simple columnar epithelium

An egg and sperm are more precisely called gametes and are produced by the female and male of the species in order to pass on their genetics. A) True B) False

A) True

Androgen binding protein, produced by the Sertoli cells, is critical for keeping testosterone levels high enough in the seminiferous tubules to maintain spermatogenesis. A) True B) False

A) True

Contact digestion occurs on the microvilli of the enterocytes of the mucosa of the small intestine. A) True B) False

A) True

Hepatocytes make bile and secrete it into bile ductules. A) True B) False

A) True

In the female, LH and FSH act on a small selected pool of primordial follicles in the ovary, causing them to start the process of folliculogenesis. A) True B) False

A) True

Most of the follicles in the adult female are in the primordial stage. A) True B) False

A) True

Oogonia undergo all mitotic divisions during fetal development prior to birth. A) True B) False

A) True

The cervix works to protect the uterine environment from the outside world, yet allows sperm through for fertilization. A) True B) False

A) True

The urethra in the male is the common tube system for both the reproductive and urinary systems. A) True B) False

A) True

Type A spermatogonia allow the male of the species to continually produce sperm once he has reached sexual maturity. A) True B) False

A) True

When one testicle fails to descend, as in a unilateral cryptorchid, the male will still be fertile and capable of producing offspring. A) True B) False

A) True

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the spermatic cord? A) Urethra B) Ductus deferens C) Testicular artery and vein D) Cremaster muscle

A) Urethra

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the portal triad? A) cystic duct B) Bile ductule C) Branch of hepatic artery D) Branch of hepatic portal vein

A) cystic duct

Which layer of the general histology of the digestive tract is made up of connective tissue and connects the epithelial and muscular tissue like glue? A)Submucosa B) Muscularis externa C) Serosa D) Mucosa

A)Submucosa

In which structure does fertilization of the ovum usually occur? A) Prostate gland B) Ampulla C) Urethra D) Uterus

B) Ampulla

Which of the following best describes the sequence of changes to the dominant follicle after ovulation? A) Corpus albicans, corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteum B) Corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans C) Corpus luteum, corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus albicans D) Corpus luteum, corpus albicans, corpus hemorrhagicum

B) Corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

Damage to Sertoli cells would most likely cause which of the following imbalances in the male? A) Increased testosterone levels in the seminiferous tubules B) Decreased testosterone levels in the seminiferous tubules C) Decreased GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus D) Decreased FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary

B) Decreased testosterone levels in the seminiferous tubules

Granulosa cell tumors (causing an increase in functional granulosal cells on the ovary) would most likely cause an increase in which of the following hormones? A) Progesterone B) Estrogen C) FSH D) GnRH

B) Estrogen

A secondary oocyte completes meiosis II after ovulation. A) True B) False

B) False

Chemical digestion does not begin until food hits the stomach. A) True B) False

B) False

In the fetus, the female reproductive tract develops from the paramesonephric ducts because of the high levels of estrogen during pregnancy. A) True B) False

B) False

Inhibin, produced by the Leydig cells, turns down secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary gland. A) True B) False

B) False

Intrinsic salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth via a duct. A) True B) False

B) False

Leydig cells create the blood-testis barrier in the seminiferous tubules to protect immunologically different sperm cells from attack by the immune system. A) True B) False

B) False

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract heads to the liver for processing by way of the hepatic artery. A) True B) False

B) False

Semen is made up of sperm from the seminiferous tubules and seminal plasma from the blood. A) True B) False

B) False

The blood vessels, lymphatics and neurons that service the ovary are found in the cortex. A) True B) False

B) False

The female determines the chromosomal sex of the offspring. A) True B) False

B) False

The ovarian ligaments, as true ligaments, connect the ovary to the pelvic bone. A) True B) False

B) False

The testes develop inside the scrotum in the fetus. A) True B) False

B) False

In the male, what hormone is responsible for triggering Leydig cells to make testosterone? A) Inhibin B) Lutenizing hormone C) GnRH D) Follicle stimulating hormone

B) Lutenizing hormone

Which of the following is NOT a function of Sertoli cells in the testes? A) Support the maturing sperm cells B) Make testosterone C) Remove waste products from sperm D) Create the blood-sperm barrier

B) Make testosterone

What hormone produced by the fetal testes causes degeneration of the would be female duct system? A) Testosterone B) Mullerian inhibiting factor C) Estrogen D) Testes Determining Factor

B) Mullerian inhibiting factor

When the female detects no pregnancy, ____________ is secreted from the____________________ to restart folliculogenesis. A) PGF2a; ovary B) PGF2a; uterus C) Estrogen; dominant follicle D) progesterone; uterus

B) PGF2a; uterus

Which of the following is NOT a secretion found in pancreatic juice? A) Zymogens B) Pepsin C) Pancreatic amylase D) Sodium bicarbonate

B) Pepsin

What part of the spermatozoa is responsible for penetrating the egg during fertilization? A) Basal body B) Midpiece C) Acrosome D) Nucleus

C) Acrosome

Which of the following would most likely result in damage to the mucosa of the stomach? A) Enhanced growth of stem cells in the gastric pits B) Increased secretion of mucus by the mucous cells C) Breakdown of the tight-junctions between epithelial cells D) Decreased production of HCl

C) Breakdown of the tight-junctions between epithelial cells

Which of the following is NOT an accessory sex gland in the male? A) Bulbourethral B) Seminal vesicle C) Ductus deferens D) Prostate

C) Ductus deferens

Smooth muscle has which of the following in common with skeletal muscle? A) Neighboring myofilaments are connected by Z-discs B) It contains sarcomeres C) It contains myosin and actin myofilaments D) Calcium is secreted from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after stimulation from T-tubules

C) It contains myosin and actin myofilaments

Which cells in the testes produce testosterone? A) Spermatozoa B) Spermatogonia C) Leydig (interstitial cells) D) Sertoli cells

C) Leydig (interstitial cells)

The fetal duct system that develops into the male reproductive tract is the: ______________________. A) Spermatic duct B) Gonadal ridge C) Mesonephric duct D) Paramesonephric duct

C) Mesonephric duct

This part of the tail of the spermatozoa contains the multitude of mitochondria necessary for the energy required for swimming. A) Basal body B) End piece C) Midpiece D) Principal piece

C) Midpiece

Which uterine layer is composed of multiple layers of smooth muscle fibers? A) Perimetrium B) Endometrium C) Myometrium D) Cervix

C) Myometrium

The mucosa of the esophagus is lined by what type of epithelial tissue? A) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium D) Simple columnar epithelium

C) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Most of all female gametes in the adult ovary are "frozen" at what stage of development? A) Oogonia B) Secondary oocyte C) Primary oocyte D) Primary polar body

C) Primary oocyte

The corpus luteum will secrete this hormone of pregnancy that has a negative feedback on the hormonal cycle. A) Estrogen B) FSH C) Progesterone D) Prostaglandin F2a

C) Progesterone

Which of the following is a primary sex organ? A) Mammary gland B) Penis C) Testes D) Vagina

C) Testes

The glycoprotein layer that directly surrounds the oocyte in a follicle is called the __________________. A) granulosa cells B) theca externa cells C) zona pellucida D) theca interna cells

C) zona pellucida

Which of the following does NOT describe a form of mechanical digestion that occurs in the digestive tract? A) Peristalsis in the stomach B) Segmentation of the duodenum C) Mastication of food D) Breakdown of fats by gastric lipase

D) Breakdown of fats by gastric lipase

Which of the following structures can store 7 days worth of sperm production in the male? A) Ductus deferens B) Seminiferous tubules C) Prostate Gland D) Epididymis

D) Epididymis

Which of the following best describes how the dominant follicle selects for it's own growth? A) It changes its receptors to FSH receptors to better grow. B) It secretes more estrogen, thereby causing more LH and FSH secretion. C) It secretes inhibin which directly causes all the other follicles to die. D) It secretes inhibin that selectively decreases FSH production.

D) It secretes inhibin that selectively decreases FSH production.

Reflux of material from the stomach into the esophagus is normally prevented by what structure? A) Laryngopharynx B) Buccal Sphincter C) Upper Esophageal Sphincter D) Lower Esophageal Sphincter

D) Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Which of the following structures functions to cool hot blood coming out of the body on it's way to the testes? A) Tunica dartos B) Cremaster muscle C )Tunica albuginea D) Pampiniform plexus

D) Pampiniform plexus

In oogenesis, "extra" DNA is eliminated during the stages of meiosis in structures called ___________________. A) Primordial follicles B) Oogonia C) Basal bodies D) Polar bodies

D) Polar bodies

Which of the following is NOT a function of semen? A) Thins the mucus in the female B) Entangles sperm to stick it to the wall of the female tract C) Buffers the low pH found in the female D) Promotes maturation of the sperm

D) Promotes maturation of the sperm

Which follicular stage is characterized by multiple layers of granulosa cells and a zona pellucida, but no antrum? A) Primordial follicle B) Primary follicle C) Mature follicle D) Secondary follicle

D) Secondary follicle

Which of the following is NOT a function of the epididymis? A) Sperm maturation B) Sperm transport C) Sperm storage D) Sperm production

D) Sperm production

Which of the following structures is a fibrous capsule surrounding the testes? A) Tunica vaginalis B) Tunica dartos C) Vaginal process D) Tunica albuginea

D) Tunica albuginea

What is the disease that results in production of unformed or loose stools that occur more frequently than normal?

Diarrhea

An inactive form of a digestive enzyme is called a ________________________.

Zymogen

Identify the correct path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to exit from the body. a) rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, urethra, ductus deferens b) efferent ductules, rete testis, ductus deferens, epididymis, urethra c)efferent ductules, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra d) rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra

d) rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra