A & P Study Guide Straighter line chapters 1-6
Denaturation
a change in the three dimensional structure of a protein
An organ system is
a group of organs with a common set of functions
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines
histology
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?
histology
The study of the body's organization by areas is
regional anatomy
Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?
skeletal
stratum basale
stratum germinativum is sometimes referred to as
This layer is only found in thick skin
stratum lucidum
which layer of epidermis is found only in a few areas of the body?
stratum lucidum
which of the follow genotypes will result in a male?
xy
Medial means
toward the middle or midline of the body
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.
. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells
A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n)
...
tissue
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Anion
A negatively charged ion
An organ is
A structure that contains two or more tissues working together
which of the following molecules contains the anticodon
Trna
fat soluable vitamins are
A, D, E, K
second degree
Bernie sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. This is an example of what type of burn
mast cells
Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.
the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "C" represent?
Chloride Atom
enzymes and hormones
Control functions are carried our by (regulation)
adipose tissue
Functions as heat insulator beneath skin as as source of energy storage.
what organelle packages materials for secretion from the cell
Golgi apparatus
In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?
H+ will increase
cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
serous membrane
Membrane that protects internal organs from friction
epidermis
Outer layer of skin and no blood vessels
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells (transport)
The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called
PET
incomplete dominance
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
glycogen
Storage form of glucose for animals/ ppl
collagen and keratin
Structural proteins associated with skin, connective tissue, hair of organisms (structure)
A cell is
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
peptide bond
The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude?
The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans.
A DNA base sequence is ATGCCG. The sequence of bases in a strand of MRNA transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be
UACGGC
regeneration and replacement
What are the two types of tissue repair?
mucous
What type of membrane lines closed ventral body cavities?
carcinoma
a malignant tumor (neoplasm) that occurs in epithelial tissue
The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 1023 molecules is a(n
a mole
gap junction
a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells
An organelle is
a small structure within a cell.
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.
aging
Anobolism
all the synthesis reactions in the body
the nail proper is is composed of
stratum corneum
CAU
anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which codon?
Intermolecular forces
are electrostatic attractions between different molecules.
Deep means
away from the surface
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does E represent?
axon
By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain
body temperature homeostasis
The sternal region is commonly known as the
breastbone
vitamin a, a fat soluable vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell
by dissolving into the lipid bilayer
which of the following organic groups does lactose belong to?
carbohydrates
which molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?
carbon dioxide
chondroblasts
cartilage forming cells
general characteristic of connective tissues
consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them
Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent?
diaphram
The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of
diffusion
What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?
digital subtraction angiography
In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?"
digits
on coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This is a result from
dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions
dissociate or separate from one another
Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called
electrolytes because they can form an electric current
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ______ are transferred between molecules
electrons
Covalent Bonds Form when
electrons are shared between two atoms
Covalent bonds form when
electrons are shared between two atoms
In an oxidation-reduction reaction,
electrons are transferred from one substance to another
muscular tissue consists of what type of what type of cells or fibers?
elongated fibers (cells)that are specialized to contract
If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product,
energy is released by the reaction
Extracellular
environment outside the plasma membrane
because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, ____ tissue has very little extracellular matrix
epithelial
what tissue types form glands
epithelial
what type of tissue form lining or covering?
epithelial tissue
desmosomes
epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
what type of gland possesses ducts
exocrine
what type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?
fibrocartilage
The antebrachial region is the
forearm
Genotype
genetic constitution of an individual
A major limitation of radiographs is that they
give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body
compound
glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called
The inguinal region is commonly known as the
groin
Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?
gross anatomy
A tissue is a
group of cells with similar structure and function.
An increase in the number of cells is
growth
Heterozygous
having two different alleles for a particular gene
The study of tissues is
histology
For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to
increase
the affects of aging on the skin does not
increase in sebaceous gland activity
which of the following would increase the rate of facilitated diffusion
increase the concentration gradient of the transported molecule to the saturation point
What structure does "C" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
integral protein
What structure does "d" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
integral protein
if .9% of NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution
is hypotonic to the cell
sweat
is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland
The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is
lateral
stratum basale
layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity
In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays.
light, absorb; dark, do not absorb
A neutral atom will become a cation if it
loses electrons
What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
membrane channel protein
An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of
metabolism
Larger carbohydrates are formed from smaller units called
monosaccharides
mesoderm
muscle
what type of tissue is contractile
muscular tissue
neuroectoderm
nervous system
the support and protection of neuron rests with
neuroglia
The mass number of an atom is the number of
neutrons plus protons in the atom.
sebaceous glands
oil glands in the skin
What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin?
organ physiology
the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the
osmotic pressure of the solution
The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the
parietal peritoneum
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "B" represent?
parietal peritoneum (lines cavity
Which of the following is most inferior in location?
pelvic cavity
neural crests cells
peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What cavity does "D" represent?
peritoneal cavity
components of a nucleotide
phosphate, monosaccharides, organic base
What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)
physiologist
postranscriptional processing is the modification of
pre MRNA to form functional mRNA
A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in what position?
prone
which of the following organic groups does an enzymes belong to?
protein
which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to?
protein
Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of
protons in a magnetic field.
Proteins
provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues
What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Equilibrium
rate of product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation, the reaction is
suturing a large wound
reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?
retroperitoneal organs
A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.
sagittal
neutral atom
same number of protons and electrons
what is formed from granulation tissue?
scar
ectoderm
skin
first degree
slight sunburn is an example of what type of burn
the three forms of matter are
solids, liquids, and gases
An anatomic image created from sound waves is a
sonogram
The pleural cavity is the
space located between the visceral and parietal pleura
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?
stratified squamous epithelium
gap junction
structures that function in intercerllular communication
Anatomy is
study of structure
Which of the following describes the position of the nose?
superior to the mouth
The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is
surface anatomy
Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?
systemic
Cytokinesis is completed at the end of this phase
telophase
Posterior means
toward the back of the body
mass number of an atom
the sum of its protons and neutrons
Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is,
they get enough vitamin Din their diet of fish and marine animals
The femoral region is the
thigh
intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between
two molecules
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
used to study the internal structure of cells
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent?
visceral peritoneum (covers organs)
the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "D" represent?
water molecule
third-degree
what type of burns appears white or black with no immediate pain
elastic cartilage
what type of connective tissue is found in the external ears?
dendrite
what type of process conducts nerve impulses towards the body?