A & P Study Guide Straighter line chapters 1-6

Denaturation

a change in the three dimensional structure of a protein

An organ system is

a group of organs with a common set of functions

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines

histology

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?

histology

The study of the body's organization by areas is

regional anatomy

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?

skeletal

stratum basale

stratum germinativum is sometimes referred to as

This layer is only found in thick skin

stratum lucidum

which layer of epidermis is found only in a few areas of the body?

stratum lucidum

which of the follow genotypes will result in a male?

xy

Medial means

toward the middle or midline of the body

There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.

. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells

A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n)

...

tissue

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.

Anion

A negatively charged ion

An organ is

A structure that contains two or more tissues working together

which of the following molecules contains the anticodon

Trna

fat soluable vitamins are

A, D, E, K

second degree

Bernie sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. This is an example of what type of burn

mast cells

Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.

the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "C" represent?

Chloride Atom

enzymes and hormones

Control functions are carried our by (regulation)

adipose tissue

Functions as heat insulator beneath skin as as source of energy storage.

what organelle packages materials for secretion from the cell

Golgi apparatus

In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?

H+ will increase

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

serous membrane

Membrane that protects internal organs from friction

epidermis

Outer layer of skin and no blood vessels

Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells (transport)

The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called

PET

incomplete dominance

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

glycogen

Storage form of glucose for animals/ ppl

collagen and keratin

Structural proteins associated with skin, connective tissue, hair of organisms (structure)

A cell is

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

peptide bond

The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude?

The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans.

A DNA base sequence is ATGCCG. The sequence of bases in a strand of MRNA transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be

UACGGC

regeneration and replacement

What are the two types of tissue repair?

mucous

What type of membrane lines closed ventral body cavities?

carcinoma

a malignant tumor (neoplasm) that occurs in epithelial tissue

The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 1023 molecules is a(n

a mole

gap junction

a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells

An organelle is

a small structure within a cell.

catalyst

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.

aging

Anobolism

all the synthesis reactions in the body

the nail proper is is composed of

stratum corneum

CAU

anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which codon?

Intermolecular forces

are electrostatic attractions between different molecules.

Deep means

away from the surface

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does E represent?

axon

By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain

body temperature homeostasis

The sternal region is commonly known as the

breastbone

vitamin a, a fat soluable vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

by dissolving into the lipid bilayer

which of the following organic groups does lactose belong to?

carbohydrates

which molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?

carbon dioxide

chondroblasts

cartilage forming cells

general characteristic of connective tissues

consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent?

diaphram

The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of

diffusion

What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?

digital subtraction angiography

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?"

digits

on coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This is a result from

dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

dissociate or separate from one another

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

electrolytes because they can form an electric current

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, ______ are transferred between molecules

electrons

Covalent Bonds Form when

electrons are shared between two atoms

Covalent bonds form when

electrons are shared between two atoms

In an oxidation-reduction reaction,

electrons are transferred from one substance to another

muscular tissue consists of what type of what type of cells or fibers?

elongated fibers (cells)that are specialized to contract

If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product,

energy is released by the reaction

Extracellular

environment outside the plasma membrane

because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, ____ tissue has very little extracellular matrix

epithelial

what tissue types form glands

epithelial

what type of tissue form lining or covering?

epithelial tissue

desmosomes

epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

what type of gland possesses ducts

exocrine

what type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?

fibrocartilage

The antebrachial region is the

forearm

Genotype

genetic constitution of an individual

A major limitation of radiographs is that they

give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body

compound

glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called

The inguinal region is commonly known as the

groin

Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?

gross anatomy

A tissue is a

group of cells with similar structure and function.

An increase in the number of cells is

growth

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a particular gene

The study of tissues is

histology

For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to

increase

the affects of aging on the skin does not

increase in sebaceous gland activity

which of the following would increase the rate of facilitated diffusion

increase the concentration gradient of the transported molecule to the saturation point

What structure does "C" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

integral protein

What structure does "d" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

integral protein

if .9% of NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution

is hypotonic to the cell

sweat

is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

lateral

stratum basale

layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity

In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear ______ because they ______ the x-rays.

light, absorb; dark, do not absorb

A neutral atom will become a cation if it

loses electrons

What structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

membrane channel protein

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

metabolism

Larger carbohydrates are formed from smaller units called

monosaccharides

mesoderm

muscle

what type of tissue is contractile

muscular tissue

neuroectoderm

nervous system

the support and protection of neuron rests with

neuroglia

The mass number of an atom is the number of

neutrons plus protons in the atom.

sebaceous glands

oil glands in the skin

What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin?

organ physiology

the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the

osmotic pressure of the solution

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the

parietal peritoneum

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "B" represent?

parietal peritoneum (lines cavity

Which of the following is most inferior in location?

pelvic cavity

neural crests cells

peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What cavity does "D" represent?

peritoneal cavity

components of a nucleotide

phosphate, monosaccharides, organic base

What structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

physiologist

postranscriptional processing is the modification of

pre MRNA to form functional mRNA

A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in what position?

prone

which of the following organic groups does an enzymes belong to?

protein

which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to?

protein

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of

protons in a magnetic field.

Proteins

provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues

What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Equilibrium

rate of product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation, the reaction is

suturing a large wound

reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?

retroperitoneal organs

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

sagittal

neutral atom

same number of protons and electrons

what is formed from granulation tissue?

scar

ectoderm

skin

first degree

slight sunburn is an example of what type of burn

the three forms of matter are

solids, liquids, and gases

An anatomic image created from sound waves is a

sonogram

The pleural cavity is the

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?

stratified squamous epithelium

gap junction

structures that function in intercerllular communication

Anatomy is

study of structure

Which of the following describes the position of the nose?

superior to the mouth

The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is

surface anatomy

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?

systemic

Cytokinesis is completed at the end of this phase

telophase

Posterior means

toward the back of the body

mass number of an atom

the sum of its protons and neutrons

Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is,

they get enough vitamin Din their diet of fish and marine animals

The femoral region is the

thigh

intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between

two molecules

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

used to study the internal structure of cells

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent?

visceral peritoneum (covers organs)

the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "D" represent?

water molecule

third-degree

what type of burns appears white or black with no immediate pain

elastic cartilage

what type of connective tissue is found in the external ears?

dendrite

what type of process conducts nerve impulses towards the body?