Fetal Pig
pharynx
A passageway leading from behind the nasal cavity to the trachea.
inferior vena cava pig
A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (red)
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart (blue)
apex of the heart
points toward left hip *tip of heart
epiglottis
prevents food and liquid from entering trachea **folds dorsally to cover trachea
mesentary of small intestine
holds many blood vessels (supplies blood to digestive organs) Gently remove the intestinal ball. Note that it is anchored to the cavity, and held together by a web of tissue
cecum
hook shaped, At the bottom-right side of the colon, Pouch between the conjunction of the intestines; receives waste products coming from the small intestine and goes to large intestine
lung
house tiny air sacs called alveoli (letter M in the picture)
abdominal region
houses abdominal organs
thoracic region (thorax)
houses lungs
renal pelvis fetal pig
inner collecting tube point of attachment of renal artery, renal vein and ureter
renal medulla (of kidney)
inside the cortex, has pyramids
mesentery tissue
inside walls of small intestine; capillaries taking nutrients to liver (shown in green)
Path of urine flow
kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
bile duct (pig)
located at the base of the stomach A tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine
abdominal aorta
lower descending aorta, takes blood to lower trunk and legs
pericardium
makes pericardial fluid that helps distribute the charge around the heart
larynx
makes sound, voice box **Following the trachea up toward the chin you will find a bulge
penis
male reproductive function is internally located in the quarter-sized ball of flesh that you cut loose earlier. a muscular tube lying just below the skin posterior to the umbilical cord. In mammals,
tongue
manipulates food for chewing and swallowing; a taste organ (#6 on picture)
diaphragm
muscle that increases/decreases the size of the lungs *attaches to the body wall and separates the abdominal cavity from the lung (pleural ) and heari (pericardial ) cavities. contractions of the diaphragm forces air into the lungs. *separates heart and lungs *a sheet of skeletal muscle ------------------------ sidenote--- *not used by a fetal pig because the umbilical cord is where gas exchange occurs. --The diaphragm in adult pigs moves up and down changing air pressure in the chest cavity causing air to move into and out of the lungs.
pancreas
notice a thin strip of light-colored brainy-looking tissue performs numerous metabolic functions releases enzymes to break down food, regulates blood homeostasis
auricles of the heart
on the upper surface of the atria. They look like "dog ear" flaps. -- simply muscular sections of the atria.
glottis (pig)
opening to the larynx
renal cortex
outer region of the kidney where remaining nephrons reside
urethra
passes sperm and urine from the urinary bladder
chordae tendineae pig
"heart strings" are tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls. holds in place extending from the AV valves into the ventricles
brachial vein
(in humans) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
testis pig
*have not yet descended into the scrotal sac (cooler outside the body for sperm) makes sperm are located on the upper, inside of the thighs. They should be about the size of a pencil eraser and wrapped in the scrotal sac.
cardiac sphincter
A circular muscle located between the esophagus and the stomach
epididymis
Bundled on the anterior end of the testicle A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.
cardiac impression of left lung
Concave cavity on the left lung to accommodate the space for the heart
pyloric sphincter
Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
Kidneys (fetal pig)
Filter blood and produce urine as waste kidneys tucked on either side of the spine beneath the peritoneum, a membrane that encloses the abdominal cavity.
duodenum
First part of small intestine you squeeze the base of the stomach you will feel a knot; thick and muscular- most of digestion takes place here --which connects to the lower end of the stomach
salivary glands
Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
Female pig reproductive system
In the female pig, find the two bean-shaped ovaries at the posterior end of the abdominal cavity. Observe the coiled Fallopian tube attached to each ovary, which carries eggs from the ovary. Follow the Fallopian tube to the uterus. The uterus is dorsal to the urinary bladder and the urethra. Trace the uterus to a muscular tube called the vagina. The vagina will appear as a continuation of the uterus. Sperm from the male are deposited into this organ during mating. The vagina and the urethra open into a common area called the urogenital sinus. This cavity opens to the outside at the urogenital opening. Label the diagram of the female urogenital system on your hand-in.
male fetal pig reproductive system
In the male pig, locate the two scrotal sacs at the posterior end of the pig. If the pig is in the later stages of development, you will find a testis in each sac. If the pig is in an early stage of development, the oval- shaped testes will be in the abdominal cavity. These testes have not yet descended into the scrotal sacs. On each testis, find the coiled epididymis. Sperm cells produced in the testis pass through the epididymis and into a tube called the vas deferens. This tube crosses over a ureter and enters the urethra. Follow the urethra to the penis, a muscular tube lying just below the skin posterior to the umbilical cord. In mammals, the penis is the organ that transfers sperm.
liver
LARGEST organ in body recycles old blood cells into bile * notice how it forms a cup over other digestive tissues
colon
Large intestine darker green longer than humans balled up
Jejunum pig
Middle portion of the small intestine
Spleen
Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells *To the right of the stomach you will see a long fingerlike organ _________________
thyroid
Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth *pinkish brown sticks up in the center of trachea
left and right subclavian
The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and decends into the arm is the:
Aorta (pig)
The largest artery in the body a large artery that transports blood from the left ventricle. Many arteries that carry blood throughout the body branch off of the______+ coming out of the top of the heart and crossing toward the back of the heart. See branches split up from of the arch of the________
urogenital opening female
The opening where urine is expelled ventral to the anus
jugular vein pig
Vein that carries blood from the head to the superior vena cava
atria (L&R)
chamber in which blood enters the heart
Peritoneum (fetal pig)
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity above the kidneys
ileum pig
absorbs nutrients The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.
pulmonary veins pig
are bundled together behind the heart making them difficult to distinguish that enter the left atrium. After birth, these vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
hepatic artery pig
artery from the heart --> to liver
inferior vena cava
behind the heart
renal vein (fetal pig)
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney (#43 in the picture)
coronary arteries
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Note the big artery, the aorta, coming out of the top of the heart and crossing toward the back of the heart. See branches split up from of the arch of the aorta. These are the
carotid and brachial arteries
esophagus
carries food, liquids, and saliva from mouth to the stomach immediately behind (dorsal to) trachea
anterior and posterior vena cava
carries oxygen poor blood from upper part of the body into the right atrum
umbilical vessels
carries oxygenated and nutrient rich blood to the fetus
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
carotid artery pig
extends to head
brachial artery pig
extends to upper limbs
kidney
filters nutrients and waste from the blood such as urea, water, salt and proteins retroperitoneal.The name describes their location as being behind the peritoneum
Thymus fetal pig
glands where lymphocytes mature to become T-lymphocytes or "T-cells." long fatty looking glands sits on both sides of the trachea
soft palate
helps form bolus ( #2 on the picture) behind hard palate
ovaries
produce ova at end of uterine horns about the size of a black pepper corn are responsible for production and maturation of eggs (i.e. ova). These ova pass from the ovaries through small, light-colored convoluted tubes called "fallopian tubes" transfer eggs from the ovaries to the uterus at the base of the urinary bladder, where they await fertilization. at the posterior end of the abdominal cavity
hard palate
protects nasal passages anterior part of palate ridged and rigid function: suckling, chewing, vocalization
trachea
provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration is composed of cartilage C-rings. Note it's rigidity and elasticity. Consider the purpose of this characteristic--- for protection so that you don't have it close up and you can't breathe **that help keep it form collapsing as the animal inhales and exhales. a large air tube that lies anterior to the lungs.
nipples mammillary papillary (tiny bumps)
provides nourishment for young (indicated by #10 on the picture)
carotid
pulse located at the side of the neck
ventricles (L&R)
pumps blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, or through the aorta
urogenital papilla
reproductive function, covers urogenital opening/orifice for female
pericardium (fetal pig)
sac surrounding the heart and lines pericardial cavity
Stomach (fetal pig)
sac which aids in digestion through use of chemicals digestive system under the spleen
lungs (fetal pig)
sponginess and compliance ---- are divided into 7 lobes: the uppermost ones are the right and left apical lobes, the middle ones are the right and left cardiac lobes, and the lower ones are the right and left diaphragmatic lobes.
gall bladder
stores bile pea sized bile colored --bottom left side near liver
Rectum (fetal pig)
stores feces for removal
spleen
stores red blood cells
urinary bladder
stores urine fat, elongated
ureter
takes urine to the urinary bladder
papillae
taste buds
masseter muscle
the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in mastication (chewing)
uterine horns
the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet located near the spine just in front of the hind legs ovary maturation and fetal development ovaries are located at the end of these ____________ _________
hepatic vein pig
the vein that collects blood from the liver and returns it to the heart
scrotal sac (scrotum)
to house the testicles
oviduct (fallopian tube)
transport ova to the uterus (at the base of the urinary bladder)
superior vena cava
transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart back of right atrium
pulmonary artery
transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle (of the heart) to the lungs
vas deferens
transports sperm *This tube crosses over a ureter and enters the urethra. Mature, motile sperm then pass through the _____________________ to the urethra for sexual fertilization in adult male pig, ... needle-thin tubes that originate at the testicular tissues (see posterior end of testicle) destined for the base of the urinary bladder.
urogenital opening (male)
urine removal/ release of sperm in males in the ventral surface of pig just posterior to the umbilical cord, where reproductive cells pass
uterus
used for fetal development at base of urinary bladder