Fetal Pig

pharynx

A passageway leading from behind the nasal cavity to the trachea.

inferior vena cava pig

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (red)

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart (blue)

apex of the heart

points toward left hip *tip of heart

epiglottis

prevents food and liquid from entering trachea **folds dorsally to cover trachea

mesentary of small intestine

holds many blood vessels (supplies blood to digestive organs) Gently remove the intestinal ball. Note that it is anchored to the cavity, and held together by a web of tissue

cecum

hook shaped, At the bottom-right side of the colon, Pouch between the conjunction of the intestines; receives waste products coming from the small intestine and goes to large intestine

lung

house tiny air sacs called alveoli (letter M in the picture)

abdominal region

houses abdominal organs

thoracic region (thorax)

houses lungs

renal pelvis fetal pig

inner collecting tube point of attachment of renal artery, renal vein and ureter

renal medulla (of kidney)

inside the cortex, has pyramids

mesentery tissue

inside walls of small intestine; capillaries taking nutrients to liver (shown in green)

Path of urine flow

kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

bile duct (pig)

located at the base of the stomach A tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

abdominal aorta

lower descending aorta, takes blood to lower trunk and legs

pericardium

makes pericardial fluid that helps distribute the charge around the heart

larynx

makes sound, voice box **Following the trachea up toward the chin you will find a bulge

penis

male reproductive function is internally located in the quarter-sized ball of flesh that you cut loose earlier. a muscular tube lying just below the skin posterior to the umbilical cord. In mammals,

tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing; a taste organ (#6 on picture)

diaphragm

muscle that increases/decreases the size of the lungs *attaches to the body wall and separates the abdominal cavity from the lung (pleural ) and heari (pericardial ) cavities. contractions of the diaphragm forces air into the lungs. *separates heart and lungs *a sheet of skeletal muscle ------------------------ sidenote--- *not used by a fetal pig because the umbilical cord is where gas exchange occurs. --The diaphragm in adult pigs moves up and down changing air pressure in the chest cavity causing air to move into and out of the lungs.

pancreas

notice a thin strip of light-colored brainy-looking tissue performs numerous metabolic functions releases enzymes to break down food, regulates blood homeostasis

auricles of the heart

on the upper surface of the atria. They look like "dog ear" flaps. -- simply muscular sections of the atria.

glottis (pig)

opening to the larynx

renal cortex

outer region of the kidney where remaining nephrons reside

urethra

passes sperm and urine from the urinary bladder

chordae tendineae pig

"heart strings" are tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls. holds in place extending from the AV valves into the ventricles

brachial vein

(in humans) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

testis pig

*have not yet descended into the scrotal sac (cooler outside the body for sperm) makes sperm are located on the upper, inside of the thighs. They should be about the size of a pencil eraser and wrapped in the scrotal sac.

cardiac sphincter

A circular muscle located between the esophagus and the stomach

epididymis

Bundled on the anterior end of the testicle A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature.

cardiac impression of left lung

Concave cavity on the left lung to accommodate the space for the heart

pyloric sphincter

Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine

small intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

Kidneys (fetal pig)

Filter blood and produce urine as waste kidneys tucked on either side of the spine beneath the peritoneum, a membrane that encloses the abdominal cavity.

duodenum

First part of small intestine you squeeze the base of the stomach you will feel a knot; thick and muscular- most of digestion takes place here --which connects to the lower end of the stomach

salivary glands

Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion

Female pig reproductive system

In the female pig, find the two bean-shaped ovaries at the posterior end of the abdominal cavity. Observe the coiled Fallopian tube attached to each ovary, which carries eggs from the ovary. Follow the Fallopian tube to the uterus. The uterus is dorsal to the urinary bladder and the urethra. Trace the uterus to a muscular tube called the vagina. The vagina will appear as a continuation of the uterus. Sperm from the male are deposited into this organ during mating. The vagina and the urethra open into a common area called the urogenital sinus. This cavity opens to the outside at the urogenital opening. Label the diagram of the female urogenital system on your hand-in.

male fetal pig reproductive system

In the male pig, locate the two scrotal sacs at the posterior end of the pig. If the pig is in the later stages of development, you will find a testis in each sac. If the pig is in an early stage of development, the oval- shaped testes will be in the abdominal cavity. These testes have not yet descended into the scrotal sacs. On each testis, find the coiled epididymis. Sperm cells produced in the testis pass through the epididymis and into a tube called the vas deferens. This tube crosses over a ureter and enters the urethra. Follow the urethra to the penis, a muscular tube lying just below the skin posterior to the umbilical cord. In mammals, the penis is the organ that transfers sperm.

liver

LARGEST organ in body recycles old blood cells into bile * notice how it forms a cup over other digestive tissues

colon

Large intestine darker green longer than humans balled up

Jejunum pig

Middle portion of the small intestine

Spleen

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells *To the right of the stomach you will see a long fingerlike organ _________________

thyroid

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth *pinkish brown sticks up in the center of trachea

left and right subclavian

The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and decends into the arm is the:

Aorta (pig)

The largest artery in the body a large artery that transports blood from the left ventricle. Many arteries that carry blood throughout the body branch off of the______+ coming out of the top of the heart and crossing toward the back of the heart. See branches split up from of the arch of the________

urogenital opening female

The opening where urine is expelled ventral to the anus

jugular vein pig

Vein that carries blood from the head to the superior vena cava

atria (L&R)

chamber in which blood enters the heart

Peritoneum (fetal pig)

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity above the kidneys

ileum pig

absorbs nutrients The final section (approximately 55%) of the small intestine.

pulmonary veins pig

are bundled together behind the heart making them difficult to distinguish that enter the left atrium. After birth, these vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

hepatic artery pig

artery from the heart --> to liver

inferior vena cava

behind the heart

renal vein (fetal pig)

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

renal artery

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney (#43 in the picture)

coronary arteries

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

Note the big artery, the aorta, coming out of the top of the heart and crossing toward the back of the heart. See branches split up from of the arch of the aorta. These are the

carotid and brachial arteries

esophagus

carries food, liquids, and saliva from mouth to the stomach immediately behind (dorsal to) trachea

anterior and posterior vena cava

carries oxygen poor blood from upper part of the body into the right atrum

umbilical vessels

carries oxygenated and nutrient rich blood to the fetus

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

carotid artery pig

extends to head

brachial artery pig

extends to upper limbs

kidney

filters nutrients and waste from the blood such as urea, water, salt and proteins retroperitoneal.The name describes their location as being behind the peritoneum

Thymus fetal pig

glands where lymphocytes mature to become T-lymphocytes or "T-cells." long fatty looking glands sits on both sides of the trachea

soft palate

helps form bolus ( #2 on the picture) behind hard palate

ovaries

produce ova at end of uterine horns about the size of a black pepper corn are responsible for production and maturation of eggs (i.e. ova). These ova pass from the ovaries through small, light-colored convoluted tubes called "fallopian tubes" transfer eggs from the ovaries to the uterus at the base of the urinary bladder, where they await fertilization. at the posterior end of the abdominal cavity

hard palate

protects nasal passages anterior part of palate ridged and rigid function: suckling, chewing, vocalization

trachea

provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration is composed of cartilage C-rings. Note it's rigidity and elasticity. Consider the purpose of this characteristic--- for protection so that you don't have it close up and you can't breathe **that help keep it form collapsing as the animal inhales and exhales. a large air tube that lies anterior to the lungs.

nipples mammillary papillary (tiny bumps)

provides nourishment for young (indicated by #10 on the picture)

carotid

pulse located at the side of the neck

ventricles (L&R)

pumps blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, or through the aorta

urogenital papilla

reproductive function, covers urogenital opening/orifice for female

pericardium (fetal pig)

sac surrounding the heart and lines pericardial cavity

Stomach (fetal pig)

sac which aids in digestion through use of chemicals digestive system under the spleen

lungs (fetal pig)

sponginess and compliance ---- are divided into 7 lobes: the uppermost ones are the right and left apical lobes, the middle ones are the right and left cardiac lobes, and the lower ones are the right and left diaphragmatic lobes.

gall bladder

stores bile pea sized bile colored --bottom left side near liver

Rectum (fetal pig)

stores feces for removal

spleen

stores red blood cells

urinary bladder

stores urine fat, elongated

ureter

takes urine to the urinary bladder

papillae

taste buds

masseter muscle

the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in mastication (chewing)

uterine horns

the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet located near the spine just in front of the hind legs ovary maturation and fetal development ovaries are located at the end of these ____________ _________

hepatic vein pig

the vein that collects blood from the liver and returns it to the heart

scrotal sac (scrotum)

to house the testicles

oviduct (fallopian tube)

transport ova to the uterus (at the base of the urinary bladder)

superior vena cava

transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart back of right atrium

pulmonary artery

transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle (of the heart) to the lungs

vas deferens

transports sperm *This tube crosses over a ureter and enters the urethra. Mature, motile sperm then pass through the _____________________ to the urethra for sexual fertilization in adult male pig, ... needle-thin tubes that originate at the testicular tissues (see posterior end of testicle) destined for the base of the urinary bladder.

urogenital opening (male)

urine removal/ release of sperm in males in the ventral surface of pig just posterior to the umbilical cord, where reproductive cells pass

uterus

used for fetal development at base of urinary bladder