A is for Anatomy
Rasceta
Lines on the inside of your wrist
neuralgia
Pain resulting from the inflammation of a nerve or group of nerves
hemiplegia
Paralyisi on one side of the body and the limbs on that side
Salt receptors
Related to the kind of positively charged ion such as Na+ from table salt, that it releases into solution
Sour Receptors
Roughly proportional to the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the substance being tasted
external auditory meatus
S-shaped tube that leads inward for about 2.5 centimeters.
Glabella
Space between your eyebrows
adrenalectomy
Surgical removal of the adrenal glands
parathyroidectomy
Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands
hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
four primary gustatory (taste) sensations
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter (sometimes alkaline and metallic too)
Golgi tendon organ
Detect changes in muscle tension
Thermoreceptors
Detect changes in temperature
Pain Receptors
Detect tissue damage
Muscle spindle
Detects changes in muscle length
amblyopia
Dim vision due to a cause other than a refractive disorder or lesion
polyphagia
Excessive eating
hirsutism
Excessive growth of hair, especially in women
humerus
Funny bone, found in the upper part of your arm
Thyroiditis
Inflamation of the thyroid gland
neurons
The basic unit of nerve tissues that carry and transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system
Iris
The colored membrane of the eye, surrounding the pupil which by contracting and expanding regulates the amount of light that enters the eye
skeletal system
The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organ. The human skeleton contains 206 bones, six of which are the tiny bones in the middle ear (three in each ear) that function for hearing. The largest Bone is the femur
cerebrum
The largest part of the brain consisting of two loves, the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls thought and voluntary movement
Gnathion
The lowest part of your chin
thalamus
The part of the brain that coordinates nerve impulses relating to the senses of sight, hearing, touch and taste.
cerebellum
The part of the brain that helps control muscle coordination
autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary functions of the bodySuch as digestion, the beating of the heart, and the operation of glands in the endocrine system
cerebral cortex
The surface layer of gray tissue of the cerebrum frequently called the gray matter. The large size of the cerebral cortex in humans distinguishes them from other animals. Specific parts of the cortex control specific functions , including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.
Tympanoplasty
The surgical removal reconstruction of the middle ear bones, and establishment of the continuity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Nervous System
The system in the body that controls internal functions of the body and recieved, interprets, and responds to stimuli. This system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, and the sense organs such as the eye and ear.
Endocrine System
The system of endocrine glands in the body. The endocrine system chemically controls the various functions of cells, tissues, and organs through the secretion of hormones.
Spinal cord
The thick column of nerve tissue that extends from the base of the brain about two-thirds of the way down the backbone. As part of the central nervous system this part carries impulses back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body through a network of nerves that extend out from it like branches
Adrenal Gland
Two small glands, one located near the upper part of each kidney, that function in the endocrine system. Part of each gland secretes Adrenaline; another part secretes other important hormones
lymph
a clear colorless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system. Lymph fills the tissue spaces of the body
lens
a clear, almost spherical structure located just behind the pupil of the eye. This focuses waves of light on the retina
epilepsy
a disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by temporary distrust antes in normal brain impulses. it may be accompanied by convulsive seizures and loss of conciousness
Diaphragm
a dome -shaped structure made up of muscle and connective tissue that separates the abdominal cavity from the third and functions in respiration. By movement of the diaphragm air is either drawn into the lungs or forced out of the them
liver
a large organ located on the right side of the abdomen and protected by the lower rib cage, that produces bile and blood proteins, stores vitamins for later release into the bloodstream, removes toxins from the blood, breaks down old red blood cells and helps maintain levels of blood sugar in the body.
nephroptosis
a moveable or displaced kidney
lungs
a pair of organs, the principal part of the respiratory system. At the front cavity of the chest or thorax. In the lungs, oxygen from the air that is inhaled is transferred into the blood, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled
causalgia
a persistent burning pain usually associated with injury to a limb
tinnitus
a ringing or buzzing noise in the ears
urinary bladder
a saclike structure that stores urine until it can be passed out of the body through the urethra
oliguria
a scanty output of urine
neuralgia
a sharp recurring pain associated with a nerve, usually caused by inflammation or injury
appendix
a small saclike organ located at the upper end of the large intestine. The appendix has no known function in present day humans, but it must have played a role in the digestive system in humans of earlier times. The appendix is also called the vermiform appendix because of its wormlike shape.
diuretic
a substance that causes an increased production of urine
vitre-
glass
taste cells
gustatory cells
maleus
hammer
scler-
hard
ear
has external, middle, and inner parts and makes hearing possible and also functions in sensing equilibrium
therm-
heat
white blood cells
help combat infection
platelets
help the blood clot
corn-
horn
-tropic
influencing
membranous labyrinth
is a tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth and has a simular shape
tympanic cavity
is an air-filled space in the tympanic bone that separates the external and internal ears
patella
knee cap
tibia
large bone in the lower part of the leg
spine
large skeleton system that protects the spinal chord
femur
largest bone in the body
lumbar region
lower part of the spine
labyrinth-
maze- a complex system of interconnecting chambers and tubes of the inner ear
lact-
milk
carbon dioxide
molecule that is composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms
emmetropia
normal condition of the eyes; eyes with no refractive lenses
eye
organ of sight
auricle
outer funnel-like structure found on the outside of the ear
exo-
outside
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
monoplegia
paralyisis of a single limb
quadriplegi
paralyisis of all four limbs
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs
frontal
part of the front part of the skull
Triceps
part of the muscular system
achilles tendon
part of the muscular system
deltoid
part of the muscular system
gluteus maximus
part of the muscular system
hamstrings
part of the muscular system
latissimus dorsi
part of the muscular system
pectoralis major
part of the muscular system
pectoralis minor
part of the muscular system
quadriceps
part of the muscular system
rectus abdominis
part of the muscular system
ribs
part of the muscular system
tibia
part of the muscular system
trapezius
part of the muscular system
triceps
part of the muscular system
ankle joint
part of the skeletal system
hip joint
part of the skeletal system
shoulder joint
part of the skeletal system
wrist joint
part of the skeletal system
metacarpels
part of the skeletal system found in the hand
elbow joint
part of the skeletal system in the arm
pelvis
part of the skeletal system. "Elvis" was known to shake his p"Elvis"
1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae
part of the spine below the cervical region
thoratic region
part of the spine that is below the 1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae
cervical region
part of the spine.
anosmia
partial or complete loss of smell
pyuria
pus in the urine
iris
rainbow; the colored, muscular part of the eye
Kidney
reddish brown, bean shaped organ that remove metabolic wastes from the blood and extreme them to the outside.
enucleation
removal of the eyeball
tympanic membrane
semitransparent membrane covered by a thin layer of skin on its outer surface and by mucous membrane on the inside
Olfactory receptors
sensory structure in the upper region of the nasal cavity
scapula
shoulder blade
temporal
side part of the skull
skull
skeletal bone protects the brain
choroid
skinlike
metatarsals
small bones found in the foot
fibula
smaller bones in the lower part of the leg
cochlea
snail; the coiled tube within the inner ear
macula
spot
vagotomy
surgical severing of a vague nerve
laminectomy
surgincal removal of the posterior arch of vertebra, usually to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured I vertebral disk
Sensory System
system that detects what is occurring inside and outside of the body.
Lacri-
tears- lacrimal gland is a tear gland
urinart tract
the body parts involved in the elimination of urine. The ureters, urethra, and the urinary bladder are all part of the urinary tract.
Urology
the branch of medicine devoted to the study and care of the urinary tract
digestion
the breaking down of food,which is made up of complex organic molecules, into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for maintenance and growth
blood vessels
the flexible tubular canals through which blood circulates in the body. Arteries, Veins, and capillaries are all kinds of blood vessels
capillaries
the tiny blood vessels throughout the body that connect arteries and veins. These form an intricate network around body tissues in order to distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells and remove waste substances
Anatomical Snuff Box
the triangular ridge between the base of your thumb and your wrist.
trachea
the tube connecting the mouth to the bronchial tubes that carries air to the lungs. AKA the windpipe
ureter
the tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder
small intestine
the upper portion of the intestines extending from the stomach to the large intestine where the digestion of food takes place. The small intestine is about twenty feet long in adults
coccyx
the very end of the spine
papillae
tiny elevation on the tongue
Aud-
to hear
diuret
to pass urine
enuresis
uncontrolled urination
vas-
vessel
Taste Buds
special organs of taste that primarily occur on the surface of the tongue Oval shaped clusters of cells located on the tongue and lining the mouth that contain special nerve nerve endings
stapes
stirrup
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
audiometry
the measurement of auditory acuity for various frequencies of sound waves
optic nerve
the nerve that carries electrical signals from the retina in the eye to the brain
pupil
the seemingly black central opening in the iris of the eye where light enters
-crin
to secrete
olfact-
to smell
Pineal Gland
type of gland that is a small, oval structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres, where it is attached to the upper portion of the thalamus near the roof of the third ventricle . Secretes a hormone called melatonin
Thymus gland
type of gland that lies in the mediastinum behind the sternum and between the lungs. Relatively large in small children but diminishes in size with age. Secretes Thompson which affects the production of certain white blood cells (lymphocytes). Plays an important role in the mechanism of immunity.
endo-
within
lut-
yellow
bronchial tubes
the system of tubelike structures that connects the trachea to the lungs
nerve
A bundle of fibers composed of neurons that connects the body parts and organs to the central nervous system and carries impulses from one part of the body to another
hypocalcemia
A deficiency of blood calcium
Hypoglycemia
A deficiency of blood gluclose
otosclerosis
A formation of spongy bone in the inner ear, which often causes deafnes by fixing the stapes to the oval window
Pancreas
A gland behind the stomach that functions in both the endocrine system and the digestive system. Its endocrine system function involves the secretion into the bloodstream of insulin, which regulates the level of sugars in the blood. As part of the digestive system, the pancreas secretes into the small intestine a fluid containing enzymes that is used in the digestion of all food
Endocrine gland
A gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood. These glands make up the endocrine system.
Thyroid gland
A large gland in the neck that functions in the endocrine system. The thyroid secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism.
diabetes insioidus
A metabolic disorder characterized by a large output of dilute urine containing no sugar, and caused by a decreased secretion of ADH from the posterior gland
retinitis pigmentosa
A progressive retinal sclerosis characterized by deposits of pigments in the retina and by atrophy of the retina
Huntington's chorea
A rare heredity disorder of the brain characterized by involuntary convulsive movements and mental deterioration
electroencephalogram (EEG)
A recording of the electrical activity of the brain
vertigo
A sensation of dizziness
Parathyroid Gland
A set of four small glands on the undersurface of the thyroid gland that function in the endocrine system. They secrete a hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
Pituitary Gland
A small gland attatchment to the base of the brain and controlled by the Hypothalamus, that functions in the endocrine system. The pituitary gland secretes many hormones, some control the actions of he other glands, while others influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction
gallbladder
A small muscular sac located under the liver. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed by the small intestine or digestion
pheochromocytoma
A type of tumor found in the adrenal medulla and usually accompanied by high blood pressure
trachoma
A virus-caused disease of the eye, characterized by conjunctivitis, which may lead to blindness
exophthalmos
An abnormal profusion of the eyes
hyperalgesia
An abnormally increased sensitivity to pain
pterygium
An abnormally thickened patch of conjuctiva that extends over part of the cornea
hypercalcemia
An excess of blood clacium
neuritis
An inflamation of a nerve
otitis media
An inflamation of the inner ear
encephalitis
An inflammation of the brain and meninges characterized by drowsiness and apathy
iritis
An inflammation of the iris
labyrinthitis
An inflammation of the labyrinth
retinoblastoma
An inherited, highly malignant tumor arising from immature retinal cells
Meniere's Disease
An inner ear disorder characterized by ringin in the ears, increased sensitivity to sounds, dizziness and loss of hearing
Nystagmus
An involuntary oscillation of the eyes
Axilla
Armpit
arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body tissues
7 groups of primary odors
Camphotaceous- scent of camphor, Musky- the scent of musk, Floral- like flowers, pepperminty, ethereal- smells like ether, pungent- like the scent of spices, and putrid- like the scent of decaying meat.
Brain
Central organ in the nervous system. Protected by the skull.
hyper-
above
anopia
absence of an eye
mutliple sclerosis
adisease of the central nervous system characterized by the loss of myelin and the appearance of scar like patches throughout either the brain or the spinal cord, or throughout both
anurua
an absence of urine due to the failure of kidney function or to an obstruction in a urinary pathway
hyperglycemia
an excess of blood gluclose
polyuria
an excessive output of urine
incontinence
an inability to control urination and/or defecation reflexes
pyelotomy
an incision into the renal pelvis
cystonomy
an incision of the wall of the urinary bladder
diuresis
an increased production of urine
pyelonephritis
an inflamation of the renal pelvis
ureteritis
an inflamation of the ureter
urethritis
an inflamation of the urethra
cystitis
an inflamation of the urinary bladder
neuritis
an inflammation of a nerve
conjuctivitis
an inflammation of of the conjuctiva
uveitis
an inflammation of the Ives, the region of the eye that includes the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid coat
keratitis
an inflammation of the cornea
blephartis
an inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
cystoscope
an instrument used for visual examination of the interior of the urinary bladder
stomach
an organ in the digestive system, on the left side of the body behind the lower rib cage , that recieved chewed food from the esophagus. Tiny glands in the stomach's lining secrete gastric juice, which contains acids, mucus and enzymes. This fluid, along with the muscular churning actions of the stomach, helps transform food into a thick, semi fluid mass that can be passed into the small intestine for digestion
incus
anvil
estachian tube
auditory tube allows air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body by way of the throat and mouth. Allows for equal air pressure on both sides of the ear drum
parietal
back part of the skull
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
hypo-
below
para-
beside
toc-
birth
hematuria
blood in the urine
inferior vena cava
blood is pumped from the kidneys through the the abdominal cavity through this
veins
blood vessels that return blood from the body tissue to the heart
sacrum
bone at the bottom end of the spine
osseous labyrinth
bone canal in the temporal bone
ulna
bone found in the lower arm
radius
bone found in the lower arm.
auditory ossicles
called the maleus, the incus, and the stapes.
red blood cells
carry oxygen
sternum
chest bone
clavicle
collar bone
uremia
condition in which substances ordinarily excreted in the urine accumulate in the blood
exophthalmos
condition in which the eyes profuse abnormally
organ of Corti
contains 16,000 hearing receptor cells
hemianopsia
defective vision affecting held the visual field
mechanoreceptors
detects changes in pressure
Pacinian corpuscles
detects changes in pressure (Deep pressure vibrations)
mechanoreceptors
detects objects moving over the skin
diplopia
double vision, or the sensation of seeing two objects when only one is viewed
tympan-
drum
oxygen
element number 8
oculi-
eye
pelpebra
eyelid
12th rib
floating rib
blood
the fluid circulating through the heart,arteries, veins, and capillaries of the circulatory system. This substance carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, and removes waste materials and carbon dioxide. It is composed of plasma, but with a mixture of hormones, nutrients, gases, antibodies, and waste
Philtrum
the groove located just below the nose and above the middle of the lips.
heart
the hollow muscular organ that is the center of the circulatory system. This pumps blood throughout the infra ate system of blood vessels in the body
retina
the inner layer of the eye, sensitive to light, that is connected to the brain by the optic nerve. This lines the interior of the eyeball. The lens of the eye focuses waves of light upon it.
large intestine
the lower portion of the intestines, which receives a soupy mixture of digested food from the small intestine, tea sorbs most of the fluids and then masses the resulting solid substance (feces) out of the body through the anus. The large intestine is divided into the cecum, colon, and rectum
tonometry
the measurement of fluid pressure within the eyeball
esophagus
the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and serves as a passageway for food
oxygen
the network of small vessels and tissue spaces that move lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system has several functions, including filtering out harmful bacteria, manufacturing white blood cells, distributing nutrients to the cells of the body, helping to maintain the body's fluid balance by draining off excess fluids so that tissues do not dwell, and assisting in the digestion of fats.
anus
the opening through which feces pass out of the body
Digestive system
the organs and glands in the body that are responsible for digestion. The digestive system begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. Other organs in this system include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and appendix
respiratory system
the organs in the body involved in respiration. Air enters the body through the nose and mouth and travels down the trachea, through the bronchial tubes and finally into the lungs. Once in the lungs, the air is drawn into an enormous number of thin-walled sacs richly supplies with capillaries. The exchange of exogenous and carbon dioxide in the blood takes place in these tiny sacs
rectum
the outermost portion of the large intestine. Feces are stored in the rectum until they are passed out of the body through the anus
hypothalamus
the part of the brain that controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature and regulates various activities in the body connected with metabolism, including the maintaining of water balance. It also controls the actions of the pituitary gland.
Columella nasi
the part of your nose between your
nephrectomy
the presence of a stone (or stones) in the kidney
pyelolithotomy
the removal of a stone from the renal pelvis
iridectomy
the surgical removal of part of the iris
labyrinthectomy
the surgical removal of the labyrinth
cystectomy
the surgical removal of the urinary bladder
Circulatory System
the system in the body by which blood and lymph are circulated'
Muscular system
the system in the body composed of muscle cells and tissues that brings about movement of an organ or body part. There three kinds of muscle: skeletal muscle, which is attached to the bones and allows the voluntary movement of limbs; smooth muscle, which is found in internal organs and AIDS in the involuntary movements that occur in the circulatory, digestive excretory, reproductive and respiratory system; and cardiac muscle which forms the powerful walls of the heart.