A is for Anatomy

Rasceta

Lines on the inside of your wrist

neuralgia

Pain resulting from the inflammation of a nerve or group of nerves

hemiplegia

Paralyisi on one side of the body and the limbs on that side

Salt receptors

Related to the kind of positively charged ion such as Na+ from table salt, that it releases into solution

Sour Receptors

Roughly proportional to the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the substance being tasted

external auditory meatus

S-shaped tube that leads inward for about 2.5 centimeters.

Glabella

Space between your eyebrows

adrenalectomy

Surgical removal of the adrenal glands

parathyroidectomy

Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands

hypophysectomy

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

thyroidectomy

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

four primary gustatory (taste) sensations

Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter (sometimes alkaline and metallic too)

Golgi tendon organ

Detect changes in muscle tension

Thermoreceptors

Detect changes in temperature

Pain Receptors

Detect tissue damage

Muscle spindle

Detects changes in muscle length

amblyopia

Dim vision due to a cause other than a refractive disorder or lesion

polyphagia

Excessive eating

hirsutism

Excessive growth of hair, especially in women

humerus

Funny bone, found in the upper part of your arm

Thyroiditis

Inflamation of the thyroid gland

neurons

The basic unit of nerve tissues that carry and transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system

Iris

The colored membrane of the eye, surrounding the pupil which by contracting and expanding regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

skeletal system

The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organ. The human skeleton contains 206 bones, six of which are the tiny bones in the middle ear (three in each ear) that function for hearing. The largest Bone is the femur

cerebrum

The largest part of the brain consisting of two loves, the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls thought and voluntary movement

Gnathion

The lowest part of your chin

thalamus

The part of the brain that coordinates nerve impulses relating to the senses of sight, hearing, touch and taste.

cerebellum

The part of the brain that helps control muscle coordination

autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary functions of the bodySuch as digestion, the beating of the heart, and the operation of glands in the endocrine system

cerebral cortex

The surface layer of gray tissue of the cerebrum frequently called the gray matter. The large size of the cerebral cortex in humans distinguishes them from other animals. Specific parts of the cortex control specific functions , including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.

Tympanoplasty

The surgical removal reconstruction of the middle ear bones, and establishment of the continuity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Nervous System

The system in the body that controls internal functions of the body and recieved, interprets, and responds to stimuli. This system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, and the sense organs such as the eye and ear.

Endocrine System

The system of endocrine glands in the body. The endocrine system chemically controls the various functions of cells, tissues, and organs through the secretion of hormones.

Spinal cord

The thick column of nerve tissue that extends from the base of the brain about two-thirds of the way down the backbone. As part of the central nervous system this part carries impulses back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body through a network of nerves that extend out from it like branches

Adrenal Gland

Two small glands, one located near the upper part of each kidney, that function in the endocrine system. Part of each gland secretes Adrenaline; another part secretes other important hormones

lymph

a clear colorless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system. Lymph fills the tissue spaces of the body

lens

a clear, almost spherical structure located just behind the pupil of the eye. This focuses waves of light on the retina

epilepsy

a disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by temporary distrust antes in normal brain impulses. it may be accompanied by convulsive seizures and loss of conciousness

Diaphragm

a dome -shaped structure made up of muscle and connective tissue that separates the abdominal cavity from the third and functions in respiration. By movement of the diaphragm air is either drawn into the lungs or forced out of the them

liver

a large organ located on the right side of the abdomen and protected by the lower rib cage, that produces bile and blood proteins, stores vitamins for later release into the bloodstream, removes toxins from the blood, breaks down old red blood cells and helps maintain levels of blood sugar in the body.

nephroptosis

a moveable or displaced kidney

lungs

a pair of organs, the principal part of the respiratory system. At the front cavity of the chest or thorax. In the lungs, oxygen from the air that is inhaled is transferred into the blood, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled

causalgia

a persistent burning pain usually associated with injury to a limb

tinnitus

a ringing or buzzing noise in the ears

urinary bladder

a saclike structure that stores urine until it can be passed out of the body through the urethra

oliguria

a scanty output of urine

neuralgia

a sharp recurring pain associated with a nerve, usually caused by inflammation or injury

appendix

a small saclike organ located at the upper end of the large intestine. The appendix has no known function in present day humans, but it must have played a role in the digestive system in humans of earlier times. The appendix is also called the vermiform appendix because of its wormlike shape.

diuretic

a substance that causes an increased production of urine

vitre-

glass

taste cells

gustatory cells

maleus

hammer

scler-

hard

ear

has external, middle, and inner parts and makes hearing possible and also functions in sensing equilibrium

therm-

heat

white blood cells

help combat infection

platelets

help the blood clot

corn-

horn

-tropic

influencing

membranous labyrinth

is a tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth and has a simular shape

tympanic cavity

is an air-filled space in the tympanic bone that separates the external and internal ears

patella

knee cap

tibia

large bone in the lower part of the leg

spine

large skeleton system that protects the spinal chord

femur

largest bone in the body

lumbar region

lower part of the spine

labyrinth-

maze- a complex system of interconnecting chambers and tubes of the inner ear

lact-

milk

carbon dioxide

molecule that is composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms

emmetropia

normal condition of the eyes; eyes with no refractive lenses

eye

organ of sight

auricle

outer funnel-like structure found on the outside of the ear

exo-

outside

dysuria

painful or difficult urination

monoplegia

paralyisis of a single limb

quadriplegi

paralyisis of all four limbs

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs

frontal

part of the front part of the skull

Triceps

part of the muscular system

achilles tendon

part of the muscular system

deltoid

part of the muscular system

gluteus maximus

part of the muscular system

hamstrings

part of the muscular system

latissimus dorsi

part of the muscular system

pectoralis major

part of the muscular system

pectoralis minor

part of the muscular system

quadriceps

part of the muscular system

rectus abdominis

part of the muscular system

ribs

part of the muscular system

tibia

part of the muscular system

trapezius

part of the muscular system

triceps

part of the muscular system

ankle joint

part of the skeletal system

hip joint

part of the skeletal system

shoulder joint

part of the skeletal system

wrist joint

part of the skeletal system

metacarpels

part of the skeletal system found in the hand

elbow joint

part of the skeletal system in the arm

pelvis

part of the skeletal system. "Elvis" was known to shake his p"Elvis"

1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae

part of the spine below the cervical region

thoratic region

part of the spine that is below the 1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae

cervical region

part of the spine.

anosmia

partial or complete loss of smell

pyuria

pus in the urine

iris

rainbow; the colored, muscular part of the eye

Kidney

reddish brown, bean shaped organ that remove metabolic wastes from the blood and extreme them to the outside.

enucleation

removal of the eyeball

tympanic membrane

semitransparent membrane covered by a thin layer of skin on its outer surface and by mucous membrane on the inside

Olfactory receptors

sensory structure in the upper region of the nasal cavity

scapula

shoulder blade

temporal

side part of the skull

skull

skeletal bone protects the brain

choroid

skinlike

metatarsals

small bones found in the foot

fibula

smaller bones in the lower part of the leg

cochlea

snail; the coiled tube within the inner ear

macula

spot

vagotomy

surgical severing of a vague nerve

laminectomy

surgincal removal of the posterior arch of vertebra, usually to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured I vertebral disk

Sensory System

system that detects what is occurring inside and outside of the body.

Lacri-

tears- lacrimal gland is a tear gland

urinart tract

the body parts involved in the elimination of urine. The ureters, urethra, and the urinary bladder are all part of the urinary tract.

Urology

the branch of medicine devoted to the study and care of the urinary tract

digestion

the breaking down of food,which is made up of complex organic molecules, into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for maintenance and growth

blood vessels

the flexible tubular canals through which blood circulates in the body. Arteries, Veins, and capillaries are all kinds of blood vessels

capillaries

the tiny blood vessels throughout the body that connect arteries and veins. These form an intricate network around body tissues in order to distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells and remove waste substances

Anatomical Snuff Box

the triangular ridge between the base of your thumb and your wrist.

trachea

the tube connecting the mouth to the bronchial tubes that carries air to the lungs. AKA the windpipe

ureter

the tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder

small intestine

the upper portion of the intestines extending from the stomach to the large intestine where the digestion of food takes place. The small intestine is about twenty feet long in adults

coccyx

the very end of the spine

papillae

tiny elevation on the tongue

Aud-

to hear

diuret

to pass urine

enuresis

uncontrolled urination

vas-

vessel

Taste Buds

special organs of taste that primarily occur on the surface of the tongue Oval shaped clusters of cells located on the tongue and lining the mouth that contain special nerve nerve endings

stapes

stirrup

thymectomy

surgical removal of the thymus gland

audiometry

the measurement of auditory acuity for various frequencies of sound waves

optic nerve

the nerve that carries electrical signals from the retina in the eye to the brain

pupil

the seemingly black central opening in the iris of the eye where light enters

-crin

to secrete

olfact-

to smell

Pineal Gland

type of gland that is a small, oval structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres, where it is attached to the upper portion of the thalamus near the roof of the third ventricle . Secretes a hormone called melatonin

Thymus gland

type of gland that lies in the mediastinum behind the sternum and between the lungs. Relatively large in small children but diminishes in size with age. Secretes Thompson which affects the production of certain white blood cells (lymphocytes). Plays an important role in the mechanism of immunity.

endo-

within

lut-

yellow

bronchial tubes

the system of tubelike structures that connects the trachea to the lungs

nerve

A bundle of fibers composed of neurons that connects the body parts and organs to the central nervous system and carries impulses from one part of the body to another

hypocalcemia

A deficiency of blood calcium

Hypoglycemia

A deficiency of blood gluclose

otosclerosis

A formation of spongy bone in the inner ear, which often causes deafnes by fixing the stapes to the oval window

Pancreas

A gland behind the stomach that functions in both the endocrine system and the digestive system. Its endocrine system function involves the secretion into the bloodstream of insulin, which regulates the level of sugars in the blood. As part of the digestive system, the pancreas secretes into the small intestine a fluid containing enzymes that is used in the digestion of all food

Endocrine gland

A gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood. These glands make up the endocrine system.

Thyroid gland

A large gland in the neck that functions in the endocrine system. The thyroid secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism.

diabetes insioidus

A metabolic disorder characterized by a large output of dilute urine containing no sugar, and caused by a decreased secretion of ADH from the posterior gland

retinitis pigmentosa

A progressive retinal sclerosis characterized by deposits of pigments in the retina and by atrophy of the retina

Huntington's chorea

A rare heredity disorder of the brain characterized by involuntary convulsive movements and mental deterioration

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A recording of the electrical activity of the brain

vertigo

A sensation of dizziness

Parathyroid Gland

A set of four small glands on the undersurface of the thyroid gland that function in the endocrine system. They secrete a hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus

Pituitary Gland

A small gland attatchment to the base of the brain and controlled by the Hypothalamus, that functions in the endocrine system. The pituitary gland secretes many hormones, some control the actions of he other glands, while others influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction

gallbladder

A small muscular sac located under the liver. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed by the small intestine or digestion

pheochromocytoma

A type of tumor found in the adrenal medulla and usually accompanied by high blood pressure

trachoma

A virus-caused disease of the eye, characterized by conjunctivitis, which may lead to blindness

exophthalmos

An abnormal profusion of the eyes

hyperalgesia

An abnormally increased sensitivity to pain

pterygium

An abnormally thickened patch of conjuctiva that extends over part of the cornea

hypercalcemia

An excess of blood clacium

neuritis

An inflamation of a nerve

otitis media

An inflamation of the inner ear

encephalitis

An inflammation of the brain and meninges characterized by drowsiness and apathy

iritis

An inflammation of the iris

labyrinthitis

An inflammation of the labyrinth

retinoblastoma

An inherited, highly malignant tumor arising from immature retinal cells

Meniere's Disease

An inner ear disorder characterized by ringin in the ears, increased sensitivity to sounds, dizziness and loss of hearing

Nystagmus

An involuntary oscillation of the eyes

Axilla

Armpit

arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body tissues

7 groups of primary odors

Camphotaceous- scent of camphor, Musky- the scent of musk, Floral- like flowers, pepperminty, ethereal- smells like ether, pungent- like the scent of spices, and putrid- like the scent of decaying meat.

Brain

Central organ in the nervous system. Protected by the skull.

hyper-

above

anopia

absence of an eye

mutliple sclerosis

adisease of the central nervous system characterized by the loss of myelin and the appearance of scar like patches throughout either the brain or the spinal cord, or throughout both

anurua

an absence of urine due to the failure of kidney function or to an obstruction in a urinary pathway

hyperglycemia

an excess of blood gluclose

polyuria

an excessive output of urine

incontinence

an inability to control urination and/or defecation reflexes

pyelotomy

an incision into the renal pelvis

cystonomy

an incision of the wall of the urinary bladder

diuresis

an increased production of urine

pyelonephritis

an inflamation of the renal pelvis

ureteritis

an inflamation of the ureter

urethritis

an inflamation of the urethra

cystitis

an inflamation of the urinary bladder

neuritis

an inflammation of a nerve

conjuctivitis

an inflammation of of the conjuctiva

uveitis

an inflammation of the Ives, the region of the eye that includes the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid coat

keratitis

an inflammation of the cornea

blephartis

an inflammation of the margins of the eyelids

cystoscope

an instrument used for visual examination of the interior of the urinary bladder

stomach

an organ in the digestive system, on the left side of the body behind the lower rib cage , that recieved chewed food from the esophagus. Tiny glands in the stomach's lining secrete gastric juice, which contains acids, mucus and enzymes. This fluid, along with the muscular churning actions of the stomach, helps transform food into a thick, semi fluid mass that can be passed into the small intestine for digestion

incus

anvil

estachian tube

auditory tube allows air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body by way of the throat and mouth. Allows for equal air pressure on both sides of the ear drum

parietal

back part of the skull

bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine

hypo-

below

para-

beside

toc-

birth

hematuria

blood in the urine

inferior vena cava

blood is pumped from the kidneys through the the abdominal cavity through this

veins

blood vessels that return blood from the body tissue to the heart

sacrum

bone at the bottom end of the spine

osseous labyrinth

bone canal in the temporal bone

ulna

bone found in the lower arm

radius

bone found in the lower arm.

auditory ossicles

called the maleus, the incus, and the stapes.

red blood cells

carry oxygen

sternum

chest bone

clavicle

collar bone

uremia

condition in which substances ordinarily excreted in the urine accumulate in the blood

exophthalmos

condition in which the eyes profuse abnormally

organ of Corti

contains 16,000 hearing receptor cells

hemianopsia

defective vision affecting held the visual field

mechanoreceptors

detects changes in pressure

Pacinian corpuscles

detects changes in pressure (Deep pressure vibrations)

mechanoreceptors

detects objects moving over the skin

diplopia

double vision, or the sensation of seeing two objects when only one is viewed

tympan-

drum

oxygen

element number 8

oculi-

eye

pelpebra

eyelid

12th rib

floating rib

blood

the fluid circulating through the heart,arteries, veins, and capillaries of the circulatory system. This substance carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, and removes waste materials and carbon dioxide. It is composed of plasma, but with a mixture of hormones, nutrients, gases, antibodies, and waste

Philtrum

the groove located just below the nose and above the middle of the lips.

heart

the hollow muscular organ that is the center of the circulatory system. This pumps blood throughout the infra ate system of blood vessels in the body

retina

the inner layer of the eye, sensitive to light, that is connected to the brain by the optic nerve. This lines the interior of the eyeball. The lens of the eye focuses waves of light upon it.

large intestine

the lower portion of the intestines, which receives a soupy mixture of digested food from the small intestine, tea sorbs most of the fluids and then masses the resulting solid substance (feces) out of the body through the anus. The large intestine is divided into the cecum, colon, and rectum

tonometry

the measurement of fluid pressure within the eyeball

esophagus

the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and serves as a passageway for food

oxygen

the network of small vessels and tissue spaces that move lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system has several functions, including filtering out harmful bacteria, manufacturing white blood cells, distributing nutrients to the cells of the body, helping to maintain the body's fluid balance by draining off excess fluids so that tissues do not dwell, and assisting in the digestion of fats.

anus

the opening through which feces pass out of the body

Digestive system

the organs and glands in the body that are responsible for digestion. The digestive system begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. Other organs in this system include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and appendix

respiratory system

the organs in the body involved in respiration. Air enters the body through the nose and mouth and travels down the trachea, through the bronchial tubes and finally into the lungs. Once in the lungs, the air is drawn into an enormous number of thin-walled sacs richly supplies with capillaries. The exchange of exogenous and carbon dioxide in the blood takes place in these tiny sacs

rectum

the outermost portion of the large intestine. Feces are stored in the rectum until they are passed out of the body through the anus

hypothalamus

the part of the brain that controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature and regulates various activities in the body connected with metabolism, including the maintaining of water balance. It also controls the actions of the pituitary gland.

Columella nasi

the part of your nose between your

nephrectomy

the presence of a stone (or stones) in the kidney

pyelolithotomy

the removal of a stone from the renal pelvis

iridectomy

the surgical removal of part of the iris

labyrinthectomy

the surgical removal of the labyrinth

cystectomy

the surgical removal of the urinary bladder

Circulatory System

the system in the body by which blood and lymph are circulated'

Muscular system

the system in the body composed of muscle cells and tissues that brings about movement of an organ or body part. There three kinds of muscle: skeletal muscle, which is attached to the bones and allows the voluntary movement of limbs; smooth muscle, which is found in internal organs and AIDS in the involuntary movements that occur in the circulatory, digestive excretory, reproductive and respiratory system; and cardiac muscle which forms the powerful walls of the heart.