A&P 1 Ch 2 Quiz

Ammonia is a base. What would you expect for its pH? 1 3 7 10

10

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? 1. neutron 2. electron 3. proton

2 only - electron

Lemon juice is an acid. What would you expect for its pH? 3 7 9 14

3

Buffers in the blood are needed to increase the pH decrease the pH maintain a stable pH all of these

All of them.

What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?

Anion

Give the normal pH range of the following body fluids.

Blood 7.35 - 7.45 Urine 4.5 - 8 Stomach Acid 1.5 - 3 Sweat 5 - 5.5

A chemical compound that helps control the ph of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a

Buffer

In the diagram, removal of one or more of this type of subatomic particle would result in the formation of a cation?

C Electrons - is negative like cation

In the diagram which particles are negatively charged?

C. Electrons

Blood sugar (Glucose)

Carbohydrate

Glycogen stored in the liver and muscles

Carbohydrate - Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose

What chemical bond is the strongest and formed when atoms share electrons?

Covalent Bond

This molecule is a double-stranded helix made up of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

DNA

Which subatomic particle is negatively charged

Electrons

Which subatomic particle surrounds the nucleus and often participates in chemical bonds?

Electrons

Water has a pH of 0. True False

False

Acid is used in the intestine to break down proteins. True False

False - because it is broke down in the stomach

Which of the following is the stored carbohydrate in animals? It is found primarily in muscles and the liver.

Glycogen

4 major elements that make up about 96% of the total body mass

Oxygen - 65% Carbon - 18.5% Hydrogen - 9.5% Nitrogen - 3.2%

Antibodies produced by the immune system

Protein

The hormone Insulin

Protein

Which subatomic particle is positively charged

Protons

Which subatomic particles are found in the central core (nucleus) of an atom?

Protons and Neutrons

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

acidic. below 7 is acidic at 7 neutral - pure water above 7 is base or alkaline.

Buffers are a combination of a weak acid and strong acids strong bases anions the salts of the weak acids on the weak all of these

anions from the salts of the weak acids

Which of the following is slightly alkaline (basic)? urine (pH 6.0) skin (pH 5.5) blood (pH 7.4) stomach secretions (pH 1.5)

blood (pH 7.4)

This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones. phospholipid arachidonic acid cholesterol triglyceride lipoprotein

cholesterol

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms? electronic atomic covalent hydrogen ionic

covalent

Strength of bonds

covalent ionic hydrogen

This type of bond forms between atoms that share pairs of electrons.

covalent bond- share electrons

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy? lactose maltose glycogen glucose sucrose

glucose

Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?

glycogen

Which of the following chemical bonds is the weakest

hydrogen bond

Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA? nucleotide glycerol monosaccharide fatty acid amino acid

nucleotide

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

nucleus

In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a partial positive charge. partial negative charge. neutral charge. full positive charge (+1). full negative charge (-1).

partial negative charge.

These molecules are the main component of the plasma membrane of cells. They form bilayers that separate compartments of water. protein steroids triglycerides phospholipids polysaccharides

phospholipids

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water molecule are called nonpolar covalent bonds. atomic bonds. ionic bonds. hydrogen bonds. polar covalent bonds.

polar covalent bonds.

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

polyunsaturated - is a type of dietary fat

These molecules must fold to function properly. They form hormones, antibodies that fight pathogens, and allow muscles to contract. phospholipids triglycerides proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids

proteins

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

These structures are made up of protein and RNA. They decode the information in mRNA to synthesize proteins (Translation).

ribosomes

These molecules contain a term-29a "4 rings" chemical structure. They include estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol hormones.

steroids

Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells? forms the building blocks for the synthesis of proteins. transfers energy for cell functions. transports fluids. carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis. carries an inherited genetic code that controls protein synthesis.

transfers energy for cell functions.

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

triglyceride - type of stored cell for energy

This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation.

triglycerides

Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three-dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

Hydrogen - is the weak bond

What chemical bond is found between water molecules in a solution?

Hydrogen Bond

What chemical bond is found between an anion and cation?

Ionic Bond - gaining or losing electrons

The hormone Testosterone

Lipid

Which of the following subatomic particles has/have a neutral charge?

Neutron

Which subatomic particle is uncharge neutral

Neutrons

DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acid

The energy molecule ATP or Adenosine triphosphate

Nucleic Acid

Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?

They are a major form of energy storage.

Acids are proton donors. Bases are proton acceptors. True False

True

Some proteins may be buffers in the blood. True False

True

Weak acids may be found in the blood. True False

True

Within the human body, strong acids are found only in the stomach. True False

True

Oxygen 65%

Used to generate ATP - Adenosine triphosphate

Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol. What is true about Vitamin D? Vitamin D is soluble in both fat and water Vitamin D is fat-soluble Vitamin D is water-soluble Vitamin D is not soluble in fat or water

Vitamin D is fat soluble