A&P 1 Exam 2 Mastering (Ch7, Ch8, Ch9)

The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae.

12

The hand has ________ bones in the wrist and ________ bones in the palm.

8; 5

A chiropractor manipulates joints, specifically the vertebral joints, to correct subluxations. What is another way to state this?

A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations.

Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident?

A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged

What type of joint is the knee?

All of the listed responses are correct. it is a synovial joint it is a hinge joint it is a diarthrosis

Which of these bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?

All of these bones are part of the appendicular skeleton. scapula, tibia, ulna

What is the trade off for joints with greater movement?

Joints with greater movement have less stability.

Which of these is NOT a function of the pectoral girdle? - assist movements of the upper limb - protect the thorax - position the shoulder joint - anchor muscles

Protect the thorax.

Which of the following bones make up the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage is made up of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum.

Which of the following types of movement are not permitted at a synovial joint?

They are all permitted. eversion gliding retraction flexion

While playing softball, Gina is struck in the frontal bone by a wild pitch. Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?

a headache

Tom was experiencing pain, numbness, and weakness after he lifted a heavy box. Which of the following is the most likely injury that occurred?

a herniated intervertebral disc

A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by

a protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis

A movement away from the midline of the body is called

abduction.

(ch7) Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? - provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton - provides protection for the brain and spinal cord - provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration - provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk

all of the above

Study of human skeletons can reveal information concerning the person's

all of the above health age and nutritional status size and handedness sex

Which bone articulates with the ulna?

all of the listed humerus, carpal bone, radius

Which of the following occurs as part of osteoarthritis?

all of the listed cartilage breaks down cartilage develops shredded surface there is increased friction

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

amphiarthrosis.

The bones of the forearm, or ________, consist of the radius and ulna.

antebrachium

Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint?

anterior cruciate ligament

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?

anterior cuneiform

While you're visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her infant's soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the "soft spot" located at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is

anterior fontanel.

Which structure of the intervertebral disc attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebra?

anulus fibrosus

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except

around blood vessels.

The clinical term for joint inflammation is

arthritis.

Arthritis always involves damage to the ________ cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.

articular

The location where two bones meet is called a joint or a(n)

articulation.

The cervical vertebra that allows you to nod your head is the __________.

atlas

The first cervical vertebra is better known as the

atlas.

The second cervical vertebra is called the

axis.

Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a rotator cuff injury?

baseball pitchers

The surface of articular cartilage is

both slick and smooth.

The Achilles tendon attaches to the __________.

calcaneus

Which of the following is the heel bone?

calcaneus

The head of the radius articulates with the

capitulum.

The bones that give the hand a wide range of motion are the

carpals.

Which spinal curve develops as the infant learns to support the head?

cervical

Which of the following is most commonly fractured in a fall?

clavicle

(ch8) The pectoral girdle connects to the axial skeleton where the __________.

clavicle articulates with the sternum

The ________ are S-shaped bones that articulate lateral to the jugular notch.

clavicles

The pectoral girdle consists of which of the following bones?

clavicles and scapulae only

The superior and inferior temporal lines mark the points of attachment for muscles that

close the mouth.

The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint.

condylar

As the result of an accident, Bill suffers a dislocated jaw. This injury would involve the

condylar process of the mandible.

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

condyles

Which bone gives a crime scene investigator the best information on the gender of skeletal remains?

coxal bone

The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse into a single bone called the

coxal bone.

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the

crista galli.

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.

deviated

(ch9) The hip joint is a __________.

diarthrosis

A freely movable joint is a(n)

diarthrosis.

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

diarthrosis.

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

dislocation

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

eversion

Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension?

extreme bending of the head backwards

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of

facets for the articulation of ribs.

Ribs 8 to 12 are called ________ because they do not attach directly to the sternum.

false

Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.

fat pads

The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the

fat pads.

The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the

femur

The tibia is bound to the __________ by the interosseous membrane.

fibula

Which bone is slender and parallels the tibia?

fibula

The lateral malleolus is found on the

fibula.

The cranial sutures begin to form at about what age?

five

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension.

The calvaria (or skullcap) is formed by the ________ bones.

frontal, parietal, and occipital

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and their supporting elements called

girdles.

The scapula articulates with the humerus at the ________ joint.

glenohumoral

Another name for the first toe is

hallux

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

head of femur

Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s) of

hearing and balance.

Monaxial joints are known as ________ joints.

hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

hinge

Tom stumbles and injures his hallux. What part of his anatomy is injured?

his foot

The __________ articulates with the __________ like a ball-and-socket.

humerus, scapula

The trochlea is located on the

humerus.

The sacrum articulates with the

ilium.

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? - provides nutrients - lubrication - shock absorption - protects articular cartillages - increases osmotic pressure within joint

increases osmotic pressure within joint

Fracture of the medial malleolus will cause pain __________.

inside the ankle

The radius and ulna are bound to each other by a(n) ________ ligament.

interosseous

Spinal nerves run to and from the spinal cord within what structure?

intervertebral foramina

When seated, the weight of the body is borne by the

ischial tuberosities.

The smallest facial bones are the

lacrimal bones.

The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture.

lambdoid

An exaggerated lumbar curvature of the spine is known as

lordosis.

The role(s) of the sinuses include(s)

making the skull lighter and production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air.

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the

manubrium.

A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the

mastoid process.

The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the

mastoid process.

Which of these is NOT a cranial bone?

maxilla

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? - mechanical support - lubrication - shock absorption - waste removal

mechanical support

In the anatomical position, the ulna is located ________ to the radius.

medial

The bones that form the palm are the

metacarpals.

Lumbar vertebrae are ________ massive and ________ mobile.

most; least

In a triaxial articulation,

movement can occur in all three axes.

Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex except the ________ bone. - frontal - ethmoid - sphenoid - lacrimal - nasal

nasal

The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.

occipital

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

opening the mouth

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

opposition.

The nasal complex includes the bones that enclose the nasal cavity and the ________ sinuses.

paranasal

Which of these joints is a synarthrosis?

parietal - parietal

The __________ is a sesamoid bone in the lower limb.

patella

The patella slides in a groove on the femur called the

patellar surface.

The clearest distinction between a male and female skeleton is seen in the characteristics of the

pelvis.

The coxal bone and sacrum combine to form the

pelvis.

The bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone.

The bones that form the fingers are the

phalanges.

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland.

pituitary

The opposite of dorsiflexion is __________.

plantar flexion

Ankle extension is also called

plantar flexion.

Another name for the thumb is __________.

pollex

The two spinal curves present at birth are called __________ curves.

primary

The opposite of supination is __________.

pronation

The two pubic bones join medially at the

pubic symphysis.

While performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an unconscious person, you are careful to position your hands correctly to avoid damage to the

ribs and xiphoid process.

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

ribs with the sternum.

Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult?

sacral and coccygeal regions

The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum at the ________ joint.

sacroiliac

The three sides of what bone form a broad triangle?

scapula

The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is an articulation between which two bones?

scapula and humerus

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed

scoliosis

The vertebral column contains __________ cervical vertebrae.

seven

The vertebra prominens is another name for the ________ vertebra.

seventh cervical

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.

shoulder

A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman's pelvic outlet.

smaller

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

sphenoid.

The four primary sutures are lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and

squamous.

The medial end of the clavicle is also known as the ________ end.

sternal

Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?

sternum

The hyoid bone is suspended by ________ ligaments.

stylohyoid

The ________ of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint.

styloid process

Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the inferior articular processes of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae.

superior articular processes

The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is

supination and pronation.

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis.

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis.

A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a

syndesmosis.

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

the knee contains seven major ligaments.

Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull except between

the mandible and the cranium.

which suture separates the right and left parietal bones?

the sagittal suture

The elbow joint is extremely stable because

the ulna and humerus interlock.

The medial border of the fibula is bound to the ________ by the interosseous membrane.

tibia

The talus contacts the

tibia, calcaneus, and navicular bones.

The ribs articulate with the ________ of the vertebrae.

transverse processes

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?

turning the hand palm upward

Which of the following is not a lower limb bone?

ulna

False ribs have cartilage directly connected to the cartilage of true ribs and are thus called ________ ribs.

vertebrochondral

The condition known as "flat feet" is due to a lower-than-normal longitudinal arch in the foot. A problem with which of the following would most likely contribute to this condition?

weakness in the ligaments that attach the calcaneus to the distal ends of the metatarsals

The term ________ is used to describe an injury caused by displacement of the cervical vertebrae during a sudden change in body position.

whiplash

Tina falls and fractures her pisiform bone. What part of her body was injured?

wrist